Tiffany & amp; The company (known everyday as Tiffany or Tiffany's ) is a luxury jewelry and American specialty retailer, headquartered in New York City.
Tiffany sells jewelry, silver, porcelain, crystal, stationery, fragrances, water bottles, watches, personal accessories, as well as some leather goods. Many of these items are sold at Tiffany's stores, as well as through direct-mail and merchandising companies. Tiffany is famous for her luxury items and is especially known for its diamond and silver jewelry. Tiffany Market itself as a referee of taste and style.
Video Tiffany & Co.
History
Establishment
Founded by Charles Lewis Tiffany and John B. Young in Brooklyn, Connecticut in 1837 as a "stationery and luxury store", the store originally sold a variety of stationery items, and operated as "Tiffany, Young and Ellis" in Lower Manhattan. The name was shortened to Tiffany & amp; The company in 1853 when Charles Tiffany took control and set the company's emphasis on jewelry. Tiffany & amp; The company has since opened stores in major cities around the world. Unlike other stores at that time in the 1830s, Tiffany clearly marked the price of her goods to prevent bargain prices. In addition, against social norms at the time, Tiffany only accepts cash payments, and does not accept payments on credit. Such practices, fixed prices for ready money, were first introduced by Palmer's London Bridge in 1750, which employed young Robert Owen, a later social reformer.
"Blue Book" and Civil War
The first Tiffany mail order catalog, known as the "Blue Book", was published in 1845 in the United States (US); and catalog publishing continues in the 21st century. Year 1862, Tiffany & amp; The company provides Union Army with swords (Model 1840 Cavalry Saber), flags and surgical equipment. In 1867, Tiffany & amp; Co. is the first US company to win an award for excellence in silver at Exposition Universelle in Paris. In 1868, Tiffany was included. Gilded_Age "'>" Gilded Age "
In 1870, the company built a new store building at 15 Union Square West, Manhattan, designed by John Kellum and cost $ 500,000. It was described by The New York Times as a "jewelry palace". Tiffany lived on this site until 1906.
In 1877, the badge that will be the famous New York Yankees logo "NY" was struck on a medal of honor by Tiffany & amp; Company; The Yankees adopted the logo in 1909. In 1878, Tiffany won a gold medal for jewelry and a grand prize for silver at the Paris Exhibition, which gave the Tiffany brand name added prestige. In 1887, Tiffany bought the French Crown Jewels, which attracted publicity and further strengthened the Tiffany brand association with high-quality diamonds. The company revised the Great Seal of the United States in 1885. In 1902, after the death of Charles Lewis Tiffany, his son, Louis Comfort Tiffany, became the company's first authorized Design Director.
1900-1999
In 1919, the company made a revision to the Medal of Honor on behalf of the United States Department of the Navy. This version of "Tiffany Cross" is rare because it is only given for combat, using previous designs for non-combat awards. In 1942 the Navy assigned the Tiffany version to non -combat heroism, but in August 1942 the Navy eliminated Tiffany Cross and the two-medal system. In 1956, legendary designer Jean Schlumberger joined Tiffany, and Andy Warhol collaborated with Tiffany to create Tiffany Holiday Cards (circa 1956-1962).
In 1968 Lady Bird Johnson, the First Lady of the United States at the time, assigned Tiffany to design a White House porcelain service featuring 90 flowers. In November 1978, Tiffany & amp; Co sold to Avon Products Inc. with a price of around US $ 104 million. However, in the 1984 Newsweek article, the Tiffany Fifth Avenue store was likened to Macy department stores during white sales due to the high number of cheap items being sold; Furthermore, customers complain about the decline in quality and service. In August 1984, Avon sold Tiffany to an investor group led by William R. Chaney for $ 135.5 million in cash. Tiffany went public again in 1987 and raised approximately US $ 103.5 million from the sale of 4.5 million shares of common stock.
Due to the 1990-1991 recession in the United States, Tiffany began an emphasis on mass merchandising. A new campaign launched that emphasizes how Tiffany can be reached by everyone; for example, the company advertises that the price of a diamond engagement ring starts at US $ 850. The "How to Buy Diamonds" brochure is sent to 40,000 people calling toll-free numbers that are specifically set up to target a wider population. However, to maintain its image as a luxury goods company, high-style pictures remain on display at Tiffany's stores.
2000-present
In 2000, The Tiffany & amp; The Company Foundation was established to provide grants to non-profit organizations working in the environmental and art fields. In June 2004, Tiffany sued eBay, claiming that the latter profited from selling fake Tiffany products; However, Tiffany lost both in court and on appeal.
In 2009, a collaboration between Japanese mobile phone operators SoftBank and Tiffany & amp; Co announced. Both companies design mobile phones, limited to ten copies, and contain more than 400 diamonds, totaling more than 20 carats (4.0 g). Each mobile phone costs more than 100,000,000 yen (£ 781,824).
United States of America V. Lederhaas-Okun, Ingrid
A media report in early July 2013 revealed that former Tiffany & amp; Ingrid company vice president Inedid Lederhaas-Okun has been arrested and accused of stealing more than $ 1.3 million from diamond bracelets, earrings, and other jewelry. According to prosecutors from Manhattan, the official suit filed against Lederhaas-Okun accused him of "wire fraud and interstate transport of stolen goods."
In February 2017, the company announced that CEO FrÃÆ'Â © ric CumÃÆ'Â nal got out of work soon after 22 months, blaming the weak sales results. He was temporarily replaced by former former CEO of New York and current chairman Michael Kowalski.
Maps Tiffany & Co.
Shop
Since 1940, Tiffany's main store has operated on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 57th Street in Manhattan, New York City. The polished granite exterior is well-known for its window display, and the store has been the location for a number of movies, including Breakfast at Tiffany's, starring Audrey Hepburn. Sweet Home Alabama , starring Reese Witherspoon. The former Tiffany and Company Building at 37th Street is on the US National Register of Historic Places.
When it opened in 1990, Tiffany & amp; Shop Co. at Fairfax Square in Tysons Corner, Virginia, USA became the largest outside New York City, with 14,500 sq ft (1,350 m) of retail space.
In France, the Tiffany store is located on Rue de la Paix and Avenue des Champs Elysà © Å © es (the largest European store) in Paris but also in Galeries Lafayette and Printemps department store, at Terminal 2 at Charles de Gaulle airport in Paris (two shops) , and on the French Riviera in Nice.
In Britain (UK), the Tiffany store is located at Terminal 5, at London's Heathrow airport (opened in late March 2008), at London's Westfield shopping center in Shepherd's Bush, on Old Bond Street, opposite the Burlington entrance. Gardens, and in Manchester, Selfridges Exchange Square. A leading Irish outlet opened at Brown Thomas in Dublin's Grafton Street in October 2008 and is the second largest outlet in Europe. Also in October 2008, Tiffany opened a store in Madrid, Spain, and brought Tiffany Yellow Diamond (photo on the right) to the opening.
In Australia, Tiffany & amp; The company's main store is located on Collins Street in Melbourne. Other stores include Chadstone Shopping Center (Melbourne); Sydney (Castlereagh Street, Westfield Bondi Junction, and DFS Galleria on George Street); Brisbane (Queens Plaza); and Perth (King Street).
On March 8, 2001, Tiffany launched its first Latin American store in SÃÆ'Â £ Paulo, Brazil, located in the shopping center Iguatemi SÃÆ'Â £ Paulo. The company opened its second store in town on October 20, 2003, near the famous Oscar Freire Street. The last store opened is Curitiba in September 2013, now Tiffany has stores in SÃÆ'Â £ Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, BrasÃÆ'lialia e Curitiba.
In 2004, Tiffany & amp; The company created "Iridesse", a chain of stores dedicated to pearl jewelry only. The company operates 16 stores in Florida, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, California, Illinois, Massachusetts, and Virginia. However, the network operated at a loss since its founding and the company announced in early 2009 that, despite its ongoing belief in the concept, the network would stop Iridesse due to the economic climate at the time.
Tiffany & amp; Co reported in 2006 that its location on South Coast Plaza in Costa Mesa, California, USA is the most profitable location, followed by New York City's main stores, Boston outlets, Massachusetts at Copley Place, and Ala Moana Shopping Center in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Tiffany & amp; Co. announced the opening of its second store in Pavilion Kuala Lumpur in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in September 2007 to coincide with the opening of a shopping center. This store consists of retail space 1,700Ã, sqÃ, ft (160Ã, m 2 ) and features the same decorating elements as the main store of New York City. Later that year, other stores opened in the US, such as Natick Collection in Natick, Massachusetts, USA, which opened in September 2007, and the Mohegan Sun Erika casino in Connecticut, USA, and Providence Place mall in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, both opened in November 2007.
On January 31, 2007, the company operated 64 Tiffany & amp; Company. stores in the US, with a total physical area of ​​approximately 486,000 gross square feet, as well as 103 international stores measuring approximately 306,000 gross square feet in total.
The company's expansion continued in 2011 with the opening of a store at the Multiplaza complex in EscazÃÆ'º, Costa Rica and Richmond, Virginia, US locations at Stony Point Fashion Park on September 9, 2011.
In November 2012, the company operated in 22 countries and its worldwide net sales reached US $ 3.6 billion in 2011. More than 50% of 2011 company sales took place in the US.
On January 31, 2014, the company operated 121 stores in America, 72 in Asia-Pacific, 54 in Japan, 37 in Europe and 5 in "emerging markets". 298 stores have 1,165,700 gross retail square footage. The company's main store in New York has 45,500 gross square footage and accounts for 8% of the company's net sales in the latest fiscal year ending January 31, 2014.
The company plans to continue expansion in 2014 by opening a flagship store at the Centro Andino complex in Bogota, Colombia
Manufacturing
The company's manufacturing facility generates about 60% of the merchandise being sold - balances, including gold rises and almost all non-jewelry goods, are from third parties abroad. Tiffany oversees a significant US manufacturing base, with jewelry and silverware produced in Mount Vernon, New York; majority in Cumberland, Rhode Island; and Lexington, Kentucky, while silver hollow-ware is produced in Rhode Island. Other subsidiaries, located in facilities outside the US, process, cut and polish diamonds.
The company can increase the percentage of internally produced jewelry in the future, but it is not expected that Tiffany will ever produce all of its needs. Some of the key factors that management considers prior to its decision to outsource include: product quality; gross margin; access to or mastery of various skills and technology of jewelry making; support for alternative capacity; and capital investment costs.
Ads
After the initial publication of Tiffany's "Blue Book" catalog in 1845, Tiffany continued to use its catalog as part of its advertising strategy. The Tiffany Catalog, one of the first catalogs printed in full color, remained free until 1972. Tiffany's postal order catalog reached 15 million people in 1994. Tiffany also produces corporate gift catalogs every year, and corporate customers purchase Tiffany products for the gift-giving business , employee rewards and achievement awards, and for customer incentives. Tiffany still produces catalogs for customers, but its advertising strategy no longer focuses mainly on its catalog.
In addition to mail order catalogs, Tiffany displays its ads in many locations, including at bus stops, in magazines and newspapers, and online. Tiffany routinely places ads on Vanity Fair, New York Times Magazine, Digest Architecture, Money, Digest Architecture Conde Nast Traveler , Black Enterprise and Texas Monthly . With the advent of new technology, Tiffany placed banner ads in the New York Times mobile app for iPhone, where users can download Tiffany apps for free. In January 2015 they launched their first same-sex couples campaign.
Products
Diamonds
George Frederick Kunz, a Tiffany gem expert, is instrumental in the international application of carat metric as a standard weight for gems, and Tiffany's standard for sterling and platinum has been adopted as a US standard. The 128.54 carats (25,708Ã, g) Tiffany Yellow Diamond is usually on display at New York City's main outlet.
Tiffany designs are worn by famous American families such as Astor, Vanderbilts, Post, Huttons, and Morgans. Athletes, Hollywood stars, and European nobles are also customers of Tiffany. However, like other similar diamond retailers, Tiffany enforces strict policies against repurchases of diamonds sold from its store. In 1978, a female customer in New York City was rejected after she tried to sell back the diamond ring she bought from Tiffany two years earlier for US $ 100,000. Writing for the The Atlantic publication in 1982, Edward Jay Epstein explains the reasons for such a policy:
Retailers, especially the prestigious Fifth Avenue shops, prefer not to buy back diamonds from customers, because the offer they will make is likely to be very low... Most jewelers prefer not to make customers an offer that might be considered insulting and also possibly undermining the widespread notion that diamonds rise in value. In addition, since retailers generally accept their diamonds for engagement rings from wholesalers with consignment, and do not have to pay for them until they are sold, they will not be prepared to risk their own money to buy diamonds from customers. Rather than offering customers a portion of what they pay for diamonds, retail sellers almost always recommend to their client companies that specialize in buying "retail" diamonds.
In November 2012, Tiffany & amp; Co. negotiates a three-year contract to buy diamonds from Russia's ALROSA for US $ 60 million annually. At the time of the ALROSA agreement, the company entered into contracts with diamond mines in Australia, Botswana, Canada, Namibia, Russia, Sierra Leone and South Africa.
Colored gemstones
Tiffany offers jewelry that incorporates a variety of colored gemstones including gems that play a role in popularization such as tsavorite, Kunzite, and morganite. In February 2015, the blue-green bib and aquamarine designed by Francesca Amfitheatrof, Tiffany's design director, worn by Cate Blanchett at the 2015 Academy Awards, in stark contrast to the diamond-studded jewelry worn by other stars.
Fragrances
In the late 1980s, Tiffany & amp; Co. ventured into the perfume business. Tiffany for women launched in 1987, floral perfume for women by Francois Demachy perfume. At $ 220 an ounce, "Tiffany" was successfully marketed by major department stores across the United States. Two years later, Tiffany for Men was launched in 1989 and developed by Jacques Polge's perfume. Bottles for male and female fragrances are designed by Pierre Dinand. In 1995, Tiffany launched Trueste perfume for women who were later discontinued. Currently, Tiffany continues to produce core fragrance products for men and products for women.
Sports Awards
Tiffany & amp; Co is the maker of the Vince Lombardi Trophy, which is made every year to give to the NFL team that won the Super Bowl that year.
Tiffany & amp; Co is the maker of Larry O 'Brien Trophy. Trophy awarded to the winner of the NBA Finals. Tiffany & amp; Co. Has been producing trophies since 1977.
Tiffany & amp; Co also made the World Series 2010 and 2012 ring for the San Francisco Giants.
The MLS championship trophy was also created by Tiffany & amp; Together.
Sprint Cup Sprint Cup NASCAR Cup Series also made by Tiffany & amp; Co and given to champions every year, the latest being given to 2016 champion Jimmie Johnson.
The Detroit Gold Cup Trophy was originally created by Tiffany & amp; Co in 1904, is awarded annually to the Hydro-H1 Unlimited Cup champion.
A Rugby World Cup trophy of £ 10,000 was made by Tiffanys to celebrate the hundredth anniversary of the Rugby League.
NFL: AFC, NFC, Vince Lombardi, Pete Rozelle, NFL Rookie, Pro Bowl, Ed Thorpe,
Golf: Byron Nelson, Dicks Sporting Goods, LPGA Japan, LPGA Commissioner Trophy, LPGA International Crown, Northern Open Trust, Ocean Arena, Presidential Cup, FedEx Cup, Arnold Palmer Invitational,
Sepak Bola: MLS Cup, MLS MVP,
Baseball: World Series, Derby Home Run, MVP World Series, World Baseball Classic, Historical Achievement Commissioner,
Pacuan Kuda: Arlington Park, Belmont, Triple Crown, Vas Woodlawn, Polo Challenge, Kentucky Derby,
NBA: Larry O'Brien, MVP, Western Conference, Eastern Region, WNBA: Global Community Cup
Tennis: US Open Championship, US Open Series Championship,
Lainnya: ING NYC Marathon Medallions dan Rudin Tray, NASCAR Sprint Cup, Vanderbilt Cup, Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year, Woodruff Cup, Viking Dayung,
Rings: NY Giants (2007, 2010) NO Saints (2009) SF Giants (2010, 2012) USA Basketball (2010, 2012) LA Kings (2012, 2014) LA Galaxy (2012) Seattle Seahawks (2012)
Desainer dan koleksi saat ini
- Koleksi Elsa Peretti termasuk Bean, Diamonds by the Yard, Open Heart, Sevillana, dan Teardrop.
- Koleksi Paloma Picasso termasuk Loving Heart and Sugar Stacks.
- Jean Schlumberger
- Koleksi Francesca Amfitheatrof termasuk The Art of the Sea dan koleksi T Tiffany.
Dalam budaya populer
Retailers have earned a mention in numerous works, especially in the 1958 novel Truman Capote 1958 Breakfast at Tiffany's , famously adapted as a 1961 movie of the same name that starred Audrey Hepburn, which in turn pushed 1966 musical failures. The Hepburn film was later called in a refrain for an alternative rock song 1995.
Gallery
See also
Note
References
External links
- Media related to Tiffany & amp; Co. on Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- Lace fan from Tiffany & amp; Company, ca. 1880s, at the Staten Island Historical Society Online Database Collection
- The Story Behind the Proposed Blue Box Tiffany
- Tiffany Blue Box - The Tiffany Story
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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