The 1941 Florida storm is a powerful but powerful tropical cyclone that affected the Bahamas, Florida, and the southeastern United States in October 1941. The fifth known storm of the Atlantic 1941 hurricane season, it was first observed for the northern Virgin Islands on October 3rd. The storm was traced generally to the west, reaching a peak of 120 miles per hour (193 km/h) before passing through the Bahamas. After a bit weakened, the storm then passed south Florida with 100 mph (161 km/h) wind. The storm then emerged into the Gulf of Mexico as a tropical storm, but regained the intensity of the storm and made another landing along the Florida Panhandle. Turn to the northeast, cross Georgia and South Carolina, and enter the Atlantic Ocean on October 8th.
Before the storm, extensive preparation; residents boarded their homes and businesses, while evacuations were recommended in some coastal areas. In the Bahamas, where winds reach 104 mph (167 km/h), a storm kills three people. The town of Nassau was hit hard. In Florida, the damage is relatively severe, and includes the deaths of several people. Strong winds knocked down trees and grid, though the storm was marked by a very unusual rain pattern. In the Everglades region, storm surges are flooding local streets. As the storm drove northward, the city of Tallahassee suffered widespread power outages and damage to many vehicles. Across the state, Typhoon causes $ 675,000 USD ($ 11.2 million million USD) in damages. The typhoon then killed one person in Georgia.
Video 1941 Florida hurricane
Riwayat meteorologi
On October 3, the first indication of a tropical system was observed 300 miles (483 km) north of the Virgin Islands. Tropical storms are thought to have been present that day, though observations are very rare near typhoons. The next morning, the morning observations confirmed the existence of the circulatory center, and soon after that the cyclone experienced a rapid intensification: it became a hurricane on that day, and 24 hours later, on October 5, the storm reached a peak of 120 mph (193 km/h) - equivalent to a modern Category 3 storm on the Saffir-Simpson windstorm scale. Shortly after, smaller than average, the typhoon moved quickly to track Cat Island in the Bahamas, where weather stations showed 28.48-inch mercury (964 mb) pressure inside the eye. Measurements coincide with light winds of 20 mph (32 km/h), which means not exactly at the center of the eye, so recent reanalysis found the central pressure to be lower, at 962 mb (28.41 in Hg). After attacking Cat Island, the typhoon started a weakening trend and passed south of New Providence, Bahamas capital of Nassau, early October 6. At that time, the storm was still found as a compact and well-developed storm.
Later that day, it made a landing 13 miles (21 km) south of Miami in South Florida; observers report that small eyes produce quiet conditions in Goulds, near Homestead. The storm contains 100 mph peak winds (161 km/h) - equivalent to Category 2 underground status - and a maximum wind radius of only 10 mi (16 km) from the center. Initially, the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recorded winds of 120 mph (193 km/h) on the mainland in South Florida, but reanalysis determined that this wind occurred somewhat earlier, over the eastern Bahamas. Maintaining a small size, a typhoon moves through the Everglades, passing between Everglades City and Fort Myers. The storm entered the Gulf of Mexico as a powerful tropical storm and curved toward the northwest, tracking offshore along the western coast of Florida. It remained above open water and recovered its intensity until the next day, when it made a landing at Carrabelle with 90 mph (145 km/h) winds, equivalent to Category 1 high-end storms, and measured 29 in in Hg (982 mb). Typhoons still show off the small radius of the outer enclosed isobar but have reduced its progress speed.
Turning north and then northeast, the storm moved beyond Tallahassee and into Georgia. It weakens as it develops in the interior, and after passing through South Carolina, a storm re-emerges into the Atlantic Ocean on October 8 with a 40 mph (64 km/h) wind. While on the water, the storm re-intensified, reaching a peak of 60 mph (97 km/h) on October 9. The cyclone continued its intensity for two more days while moving southeast, doing small loops, and turning around in general. headed northeast, passing south of Bermuda on the evening of October 11th. The storm became extratropical on October 12, completely disappearing the next day.
Maps 1941 Florida hurricane
Preparation
During the days before the arrival of a storm in Florida, the Weather Bureau issued 40 suggestions related to tropical cyclones. Extensive preparation resulting in loss of life and low property is associated with the warning. In southern Florida, residents boarded houses and businesses, and sought shelter in large structures. A hurricane party took place in the bar and hotel room, while some residents sat in the hotel lobby listening to the radio. In Miami, shops sell out of important goods - including bread and butter - as people who are ready for the storm. Evacuations were recommended from Homestead to Key West, and three Coast Guard aircraft lowered warnings to ships near the Florida coast. The Civil Conservation Corps also evacuated 150 workers from West Summerland Key to Key West.
The local chapters of the American Red Cross organize first aid venues and shelters; transportation is provided to those who can not reach the shelter. Before the storm, Pan American World Airways suspended flights departing from and arriving in Miami and directing them to Havana, Cuba. The United States Navy also set up its base in the Florida Keys for the arrival of the storm by securing the ship to the dock and canceling all the beach leaves, while the United States Air Force Air Force moved its planes from Morrison Field to a safer location in the interior. The state of Florida is stockpiling food for those affected by the storm, building a depot in West Palm Beach, Miami, and Fort Myers, and Florida Governor Spessard Holland ordering state agencies to prepare for humanitarian aid. An officer detachment from the Florida Highway Patrol was sent to Miami and patrolled along the highway to provide gasoline for motorists evacuating the storm. The state also opened all the school buildings in Dade County as an emergency shelter.
Impact
Bahamas
In the Bahamas, where major property damage was reported, the storm killed three people. The wind in Nassau reaches 104 mph (167 km/h). The city streets are filled with debris, including schoos, four small boats, and many other boats piled up in Nassau Bay Street. The wind knocked down trees and power lines, causing widespread fires and power outages. Along the coast, boats were snatched from their moorings and destroyed by sea walls. There were no casualties in the city. A schooner, Goodwill II, drowned during a storm. Property and gardens receive significant damage. In Cat Island, the storm produces 1.62 inches (40 mm) of rainfall.
Two people, Christopher Whymss and Salathiel Johnson, drowned near Andros Island after trying to reach the shore from the sunken schooner. One man, Samuel Seymour, was killed on Cat Island after his home was overthrown by the wind, and several other wounds were reported on the island. "Most homes, all churches, and most public buildings" on Cat Island are also destroyed by storms. The storm also ruptured the telephone lines and destroyed the plants. As a result, Duke of Windsor, the governor-general of the Bahamas, was sent to the Red Cross for assistance, and a ship carrying "food, clothing, building materials and grains" was quickly shipped to Cat Island. According to a survey conducted several days after the storm, 300 families on Cat Island became homeless and 120 families on Watling Island. To help these families, the Duke of Windsor announced on Oct. 7 that it would set up a grant for those affected by the storm.
United States
When a landing occurs, the storm produces strong winds in Fowey Rocks Light, even though they are under the force of a hurricane. Peak wind gusts of 123 mph (198 km/h) were reported at Dinner Key with continuous winds of up to 90 mph (145 km/h). Rain is very rare due to storms; 0.35 inches (8.9 mm) of rainfall was reported in Miami, while the location closer to the center of the typhoon received less than 1 inch (25 mm). Light rainfall is seen throughout southeastern Florida, except for the Florida Keys, where rainstorms increase rainfall. This storm aspect is considered very unusual, as most tropical cyclones are characterized by heavy rain. According to one study, unusual rainfall patterns can be attributed to one of two possible conditions: "the air may be too dry", or "horizontal air convergence may not be sufficient to produce substantial upward moisture transport".. Strong winds blew saltwater a few kilometers to the mainland; because of the lack of rainfall, salt burns vegetation throughout the region. Strong winds tore down trees and power lines and destroyed several windows in Dade County.
No deaths were reported in the area, although minor damage occurred to communications lines and homes and several injuries were reported. Some communities lose electricity. Some hospitals were left without electricity, forcing the delivery of six babies with candlelight. The storm injured seven people in the Miami area, including five wounded firefighters "as they fought the flames fanned by strong winds" from the storm. When a storm is tracked on land, it passes through the Everglades, producing a 65 mph (105 km/h) wind in Everglades City. Along the southern shores of Lake Okeechobee, winds blow to 60 mph (97 km/h); Barometric pressure there down to 995 mb (29.38 inHg). Storm surge in the region triggered flooding in several streets in local towns. Docks and fishing equipment suffered extensive damage in the area. As the storm passes offshore, winds reach 60 mph (97 km/h) near Tampa Bay. The storm also hit a fishing boat from Cuba off the coast of Collier County, Florida. Although no one was hurt, the schooner's crew members were detained by the immigration authorities.
After appearing in the Gulf of Mexico, the cyclone made another landing at Carrabelle in the Florida Panhandle. The winds in the area are estimated to be 75 mph (121 km/h), and the tide flows up to 8 feet (2.4 m) above normal. In Tallahassee, winds uprooted trees and power lines and debris scattered about, making roads impassable. The Tallahassee Democrat reported that "at the peak of the wind several hundred Tallahasseeans were seen hurrying into their yard to collect the pecans that knocked down the swaying trees". The storm destroys vehicles throughout the territory; a rare replacement car, because the assembly plant produces cars for the Army. Despite the wind shortage, Tallahassee Democrat successfully published 6,000 copies of a special storm edition. The initial fear of severe damage along the coast prompted a rescue crew to push toward St. Marks; However, upon arrival a group of locals assured the crew that their help was not needed. Significant damage to plants and property is reported; total losses in the country are estimated at $ 675,000 USD ($ 11.2 million in current terms). Seven injuries were reported, and five men drowned in a storm surge in the drying yard of a fishing net in Panacea, Florida. Initially, there were reports of 20 missing fishermen. 34 Cuban fishermen were also trapped on the beach near Carrabelle when 10 boats ran aground and damaged after a storm surge subsided. The food supplies of the fishermen were destroyed by salt water, but they were rescued by unharmed Coast Guard Nemesis cutters. After rescuing them, they reported that five men had drowned in a small boat nearby.
The storm still generated strong winds when traced to Georgia, killing one person and leaving a trail of damage quite as severe as north of Albany. A single death in Georgia is a 16-year-old girl, Frances Hester, from Pavo, Georgia, who died after tripping over a storm-stricken electric wire. Up to 6 inches (150 mm) of rain falls within the state. The storm passes South Carolina with little damage. Across the southeastern United States, precipitation associated with the cyclone is very mild and uneven throughout its course.
See also
- List of Florida hurricanes
- United States hurricane list
Note
References
Further reading
- Barnes, Jay (2007). Florida Hurricane History . Chapel Hill Press. ISBNÃ, 0-8078-3068-2.
- Kleinberg, Eliot (2004). Florida Fun Facts . Press Pineapple. ISBNÃ, 1-56164-320-3.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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