Ohaguro ( ??? ) is the habit of coloring someone's teeth in black. It was most popular in Japan until the Meiji era. Dental painting is also known and practiced in the southeast of China, the Pacific Islands and Southeast Asia. Immersion is mainly done by married women, although sometimes men do it too. It is also beneficial, as it prevents tooth decay, in a manner similar to modern dental sealants.
Video Ohaguro
Japanese
In Japan, Ohaguro exists in one form or another for hundreds of years and is seen among the population as beautiful until the end of the Meiji period. Objects that are dense black, like glass-like lacquer, look beautiful.
Name
The word "ohaguro" is a Japanese aristocratic term. There is an alternative reading for ohaguro , ?? (literally 'drinking iron' "lead"). In the old Imperial palace in Kyoto, it's called fushimizu ( ???? ) . Among the civilians, words like kanetsuke ( ???? ) , tsukegane ( ???? ) and hagurome ( ??? ) is used.
History
- Blackish tooth traces can be seen on buried bones and haniwa (250 to 538 CE) from the Kofun period.
- Sh? s? in, a treasure house connected to T? dai-ji in Nara, holding the teachings brought to Japan by Jianzhen in 753.
References to ohaguro are at The Tale of Genji and Tsutsumi Ch? Nagon Monogatari . At the end of the Heian period, when the aristocratic men and women reach puberty and celebrate their genes, their clan Taira and other samurai, and the pages that work in the great temples, paint their teeth. In particular, the royal family and other high-ranking nobles who have completed their hakamaza (the ceremony in which a child is fitted with hakama ) blacken their teeth and paint their eyebrows ( hikimayu ( ?? ) ). This was done in imperial households until the end of the Edo period.
In the Muromachi period, ohaguro is generally seen among adults, although when the Sengoku period arrives, thus preparing for a comfort political marriage, when the military commander's daughter is about 8 to 10 years old, they will blacken their teeth as a sign the coming of their age. The relatives and guardians of the bride who blacken their teeth are called kaneoya (???). It is said that military commanders who are beaten in the head on the battlefield and who do not want to be ugly will wear average female makeup and will blacken their teeth. These faces mimicked female masks of Noh and young boys.
After the Edo period, only people from the Japanese Empire and the aristocracy blacken their teeth. Because the smell and energy needed for the process, as well as the feelings among the young women they are aging,
On 5 February 1870, the government banned ohaguro and the process gradually became obsolete. After the Meiji period, it spread temporarily, but almost entirely died in Taish? period (ending in 1927).
In contemporary times, the only place where ohaguro can be seen is in drama, hanamachi (geisha district), some festivals, and movies.
Social function
Many Westerners, including Engelbert Kaempfer, Philipp Franz von Siebold, and Rutherford Alcock, who visited Edo-era Japan, described ohaguro as a disgusting habit that damages women. Alcock suspects that the goal is sanctity by making women deliberately unattractive to prevent potential extra-marital relationships. Japanese social scientist Kyouji Watanabe disagrees with this theory. Based on the fact that Japanese girls were allowed to have great degrees of social and sexual freedom up to the time of Ohaguro when they assumed the responsibilities of his wife and mother, Watanabe thought that it was a social ritual used by the community and a girl himself. determination of a mature woman.
Dyes
The main ingredient is a dark chocolate solution of acetate iron called kanemizu (????), made by dissolving iron powder in vinegar. When the solution is combined with a vegetable tannin from sources such as cork powder or tea powder, it will turn black and become insoluble in water, in the same way as bile iron ink is produced. Coating the tooth with this fluid helps prevent tooth decay and ejection of enamel. Dyes should be applied once a day or every few days.
As an easy-to-use recipe, fine powdered gaharu powder, sulfuric acid, and oyster shells can also be applied to teeth, although this is never actually caught.
In theatrical theater, ink mixed with turpentine is used, although today, the ink is mixed with wax gear used.
Superstitions and urban legends
- In Meiji, there are rumors spreading about the area where a virgin's blood is painted on an electric line. As a result of not wanting to take their blood as well, many young women in this area change their appearance to match married women by blackening their teeth, painting their eyebrows and wearing simple kimonos.
- In Yamada Norio's 2010 book "Ghost Ghost Story" Ghost " ( ??????????? ) , a story about Fukushima Prefecture depicted ( ??????? , "Ohaguro Bettari") .
Maps Ohaguro
Elsewhere
Historically, blackened teeth are known in China, and in the Classic of Mountains and Seas , there is a description of the "black tooth state" (Chinese: ??? ). In China, tooth painting is known as "??" or "??".
The practice of blackened teeth continues among many minority groups in China, the Pacific Islands and Southeast Asia. This is especially true in older women, although this practice is still practiced by some younger women. Sometimes denture is used to reach a blackened tooth.
In Vietnam, dental painting is practiced by some Vietnamese as well as by ethnic minorities. The La man painting red teeth and women painting them black. This practice has been slowly declining with each new generation.
- Yunnan, China
- Blang people
- Dai
- Hmoob
- Jino
- ng ?? i Kinh (Vietnamese in China)
- Lahu
- Yao
- Laos
- Hani
- Katu
- Phunoi
Islands - Pacific
- Palau
- Yep
- Philippines
- Mariana Islands
- Thailand
- Akha
- Lisu
- Vietnam
- ng ?? I'm Kinh
- Yao
- Lu
- Hmoob Dub
- NÃÆ'1ng
- The La
- India
Agent of choice to darken teeth is known as miss? (1) iron and copper sulphate, (2) sources of tannin tannins, such as myrobalans, and (3) flavoring agents. Usage miss? , supposedly sanctified by Fîmah, the daughter of the Prophet, became embedded in Islamic culture on most continents. Teeth are blackened as life cycle events related to sexual maturity and in its literary depiction, gaining different sexual nuances. It is integrated into the culture of prostitutes and prostitutes where misses? becomes synonymous with the ritual of selling a woman's virginity. Although not the primary motivation, drug considerations also play a role in the use of miss. . Early references to blackening gums and tooth edges show a connection to the long tradition of filing a gap between teeth that have been banned by Islamic law. Destructive traditions that differ geographically and culturally are also prevalent among the diverse groups of indigenous peoples living along the slopes of the Eastern Himalayas, from Nepal through Meghalaya and Assam to Nagaland.
Further west, blackened teeth have been documented as far as Madagascar.
For the most comprehensive review, see:
- Zumbroich, Thomas J. (2011). " ' Bumble bee' black tooth teeth: Ethnobotany black tooth in Southeast Asia". Ethnobotany Research & amp; Apps . 7 : 381-398.
- Zumbroich, Thomas J. (2011). "To strengthen teeth and harden the gums: black teeth as a medical practice in Asia, Micronesia, and Melanesia". Ethnobotany Research & amp; Apps . 9 : 97-113.
References
External links
- Ohaguro (Japan) Tool
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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