Hobart ( Ã, ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city in the Tasmanian island nation. With a population of around 225,000 (over 40% of Tasmania's population), it is the capital of Australia's least populous state. Founded in 1804 as a penal colony, Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney, New South Wales. The modern history of Hobart (formerly "Hobart Town", or "Hobarton") originated in the British colonies in 1804. Prior to the British settlement, the area had been occupied for as long as possible for 35,000 years, by nomadic Mouheneener tribes, subgroups of Nuennone, Southeast. Indigenous descendants of Tasmania now call themselves 'Palawa'.
Since its founding as a colonial post, the city has grown from the mouth of Sullivans Cove to stretch in a north-south direction along both banks of the Derwent River, from 22 km to the mainland from the estuary at Storm Bay to the point where the river returns to fresh water at Bridgewater. Hobart has experienced explosions and failures throughout its history. The early 20th century saw a period of growth behind mining, agriculture and other primary industries, and the loss of those serving in the world war was opposed by the entry of immigration after World War II. In the later years of the twentieth century, migrants are increasingly arriving to settle in Hobart from Asia. Despite increasing migration from around the world in addition to the UK and Ireland, the Hobart population remains dominated by Anglo-Celtic ethnicity and has the highest per capita percentage of Australian-born population among Australian capitals.
As of June 2016, the approximate population of the larger area is 224,462. The city is located in the southeastern state at the mouth of the Derwent River, making it the southernmost of the Australian capital. Its port forms the second deepest natural harbor in the world. The skyline is dominated by kunanyi/Mount Wellington as high as 1,271 meters (4,170 feet), and most of the city consists of reclaimed land. It is the heart of Tasmanian finance and administration, which serves as a home port for both Australian and French Antarctic operations and acts as a major tourist hub, with over 1.192 million visitors in 2011/2012. The metropolitan area is often referred to as Greater Hobart , to distinguish it from Hobart Town, one of five local government areas covering the city.
Video Hobart
History
The first European settlement began in 1803 as a military camp at Risdon Cove on the east coast of the Derwent River, amid UK concerns over the presence of French explorers. In 1804, along with the military, settlers and inmates of the abandoned Port Phillip settlement, the camp at Risdon Cove was moved by Capt. David Collins to a better location at the Hobart location at Sullivans Cove. The city, originally known as Hobart City or Hobarton, was named after Lord Hobart, the British secretary of state for war and colonies.
The indigenous population of the area is a member of the semi-nomadic tribe of Mouheneener . Violent conflicts with European settlers, and the impact of illness brought about by them, dramatically reduced the indigenous population, which were quickly replaced by free settlers and inmates. Charles Darwin visited Hobart City in February 1836 as part of the Beagle expedition. He wrote about Hobart and Derwent's estuary in his book Voyage of the Beagle:
... The lower part of the hills surrounding the bay is cleansed; and bright yellow cornfields, and dark green potatoes, looks very luxurious... I am especially struck with the comparative comparisons of large houses, both built and built. The town of Hobart, from the 1835 census, contains 13,826 inhabitants, and the whole of Tasmania is 36,505.
The Derwent River is one of Australia's best inland seaports and is a whaling and sealing hub of the Southern Ocean. This settlement quickly grew into a major port, with allied industries such as shipyards.
The city of Hobart became a city on 21 August 1842, and was renamed Hobart from early 1881.
Maps Hobart
Geography
Topography
Hobart is located at the mouth of the Derwent River in the southeastern state. Hobart is geologically built primarily in Jurassic doleris around the foothills interspersed with smaller areas of Triassic and Triumian silt. Hobart extends on both sides of the Derwent River; on the west coast of the Derwent Valley in the north through the flat Glenorchy area which rests on the older Triassic sediments and into the hills of New Town, the Lenah Valley. Both of these areas are located on younger Dolerit Jurassic deposits, before stretching into lower areas such as Sandy Bay beach in the south, at the Derwent estuary. South Derwent estuary is located in Storm Bay and Tasman Peninsula.
The Eastern Shore also extends from the Derwent valley area to the south embracing the Meehan Range in the east before sprawling to a more flat land in the suburbs such as Bellerive. These flatter areas on the east coast lie in sediments much younger than Quaternary. From there, the city extends eastward through the Meehan Range to the hilly terrain of Rokeby and Oakdowns, before reaching the tidal plains area in Lauderdale.
Hobart has access to a number of coastal areas including those at the Derwent estuary itself; Sandy Bay Beach, Cornelian Bay, Nutgrove, Kingston, Bellerive, and Howrah and many more in Frederick Henry Bay such as; Seven Mile, Roaches, Cremorne, Clifton, and Coastal Goat.
Climate
Hobart has a temperate sea climate (KÃÆ'¶ppen Cfb ). The highest temperatures were recorded at 41.8 ° C (107.2 ° F) on January 4, 2013 and the lowest was -2.8 ° C (27.0 ° F) on June 25, 1972 and July 11, 1981. Each year, Hobart received 40.8 sunny days. Compared to other major Australian cities, Hobart has the fewest daily daily suns, with 5.9 hours per day. However, during the summer has the most hours of the day in the city of Australia, with 15.2 hours on the summer solstice.
Although Hobart itself rarely receives snow during winter (the city's geographical position keeps the temperature from falling below zero), adjacent Jackson/Mount Wellington is often seen with snow hoods. Mountain snow cover has also been known to occur during other seasons. During the 20th century, the city itself has received snow at sea level on average only once every 15 years; However, the outer suburbs that lie higher on the slopes of Mount Wellington receive more snow, because of the cold air mass that arrives from Antarctica in pairs with them resting at higher altitudes. This snowfalls often occur in Tasmania and Victoria to the Snowy Mountains in Victoria north and south of New South Wales.
The average temperature of the sea ranges from 12.5 Â ° C (54.5 ° F) in September to 16.5 ° C (61.7 ° F) in February.
Demographics
In the 2016 census there were 222,356 people in the Greater Hobart area making it the second densest capital in Australia. The local government area of ​​Hobart City has a population of 50,439. According to the 2016 census, about 20.2% of Greater Hobart residents are born overseas, most often in the UK, New Zealand, and China.
The most common occupational categories are professionals (22.6%), administrative and administrative workers (14.7%), technicians and trade workers (13.3%), community and personal service workers (12.8%), and managers (11.3%). The average weekly household income is $ 1,234, compared to $ 1,438 nationally.
In the 2016 census, 52.1% of Hobart Raya's population who answered the question set Christianity. The major religious affiliations were Anglicans (19.8%), Catholics (17.0%) and Uniting Churches (2.5%). In addition, 39.9% were determined "No Religion" and 9.3% did not answer.
Hobart has a small community of Mormons around 642 (2011), with a meeting hall in Glenorchy, Rosny, and Glen Huon. There is also a synagogue in which the Jewish community, about 111 (2001), or 0.05% of the Hobart population, worship. Hobart has the BahÃÆ'¡'Ã komunitas community, with the Bahᡯ Learning Center, located within the city.
In 2013, Hillsong Church established the Hillsong Connect campus in Hobart.
Economy
Shipping is very important for the economy of the city. Hobart is the home port for Antarctic activities in Australia and France. The harbor contains about 2,000 tons of Antarctic cargo per year for the Australian research vessel Aurora Australis. The city is also a popular cruise destination during the summer months, with 47 such ships docked during the 2016-17 Summer journey.
The city also supports many other industries. Major local entrepreneurs include Incat catamaran makers, Nyrstar zinc mills, Cascade Brewery and Cadbury Chocolate Factory, Norske Skog and Wrest Point Casino. The city also supports a number of light industry producers, as well as various rebuilding projects, including $ 689 million Royal Hobart Hospital Redevelopment - stands as the largest ever Health infrastructure project in the country. Tourism is an important part of the economy, with visitors coming to town to explore historic suburbs and nationally recognized restaurants and cafes, as well as a vibrant musical culture and vibrant nightlife. The two main image cards are weekly markets in Salamanca Place, and the Museum of Old and New Art. The city is also used as a base to explore the rest of Tasmania.
The past 15-20 years have seen the wine industry in Hobart flourish as many vineyards thrive in rural areas out of town in the Wine River Wine Territory and D'Entrecasteaux Channel, including the Moorilla Estate at Berriedale one of the most awarded vineyards in Australia.
Antarctic Base
Hobart is an Antarctic gateway city, with geographic proximity to East Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Infrastructure is provided by the Hobart harbor for scientific research and cruise ships, and Hobart International Airport supports the Antarctic Airlink to Wilkins Runway at Casey Station. Hobart is the logistics point for the French ice breaker l'Astrolabe.
Hobart is the home port for the Australian and French Antarctic programs, and provides port services to visit other Antarctic countries and Antarctic cruises. Antarctic and Southern Ocean expeditions are supported by a group of specialists offering cold climate products, services and scientific expertise. The majority of these businesses and organizations are members of the Tasmanian polar network, partly supported by the Government of the State of Tasmania.
Tasmania has a high concentration of Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientists. Hobart is home to the Antarctic and Southern Oceanic scientific institutions as follows:
- Australian Antarctic Division
- Antarctic Marine Resources Conservation Commission (CCAMLR)
- Agreement on Albatros and Petrels Conservation (ACAP)
- The University of Tasmania (UTAS) - expertise in Antarctic and Southern Ocean research and research
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS) (established by UTAS)
- Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS)
- Center for Co-operative Research on Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems (ACE-CRC)
- International Antarctic Institute (IAI) (hosted by UTAS)
- Southern Ocean Observing System (hosted by UTAS/IMAS)
- Marine and Atmospheric Research CSIRO
Tourism
Hobart serves as a focal point and mecca for tourism in the state of Tasmania. In 2016, Hobart received 1.8 million visitors, surpassing Perth and Canberra, which is also similar to Brisbane.
The Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens is a popular recreational area, not far from the city center. This is the second oldest Botanical Garden in Australia and has a vast and significant collection of plants.
Hadley's Orient Hotel, on Murray Street in Hobart, is the oldest continuously operating hotel in Australia.
Kunanyi/Mount Wellington, accessible by passing through the Fern Tree, is a dominant feature of the Hobart horizon. Indeed, many descriptions of Hobart have used the phrase "nesting in the middle of the foothills", so bumpy is the scene. At 1,271 meters, this mountain has its own ecosystem, is rich in biodiversity and plays a major role in determining local weather.
The Tasman Bridge is also an important unique feature of the city, connecting two Hobart beaches and visible from many locations. The Hobart Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in Australia and a rare example of an Egyptian Revival synagogue.
Architecture
Hobart is known for its well-preserved historic architecture, mostly from the Georgian and Victorian era, giving it a clear "Old World" feel. For the locals, this is a source of irritation about the inmates' past in the city, but is now a picture card for tourists. The downtown area, like Salamanca Place, contains many buildings listed as a city heritage. Historical homes and mansions are also on the outskirts of the city.
Kelly's steps were built in 1839 by shipbuilder and adventurer James Kelly to provide a shortcut from Kelly Street and Arthur Circus in Battery Point to the warehouse and dock district of Salamanca Place. In 1835, John Lee Archer designed and supervised the construction of the Sandstone Custom House, overlooking Sullivan Cove. Completed in 1840, it was used as a Tasmanian parliamentary home, and is now commemorated by a pub of the same name (built in 1844) frequented by yachtsmen after they completed the Sydney cruise to Hobart.
Hobart is also home to many historic churches. The Scots Church (formerly known as St. Andrew's) was built on Bathurst Street from 1834-36, and a small sandstone building in the churchyard was used as the first Presbyterian Church in the city. The Salamanca Place and Theater Royal sheds were also built in this period. The Greek Awakening of St. George's Anglican Church at Battery Point was completed in 1838, and the classical tower, designed by James Blackburn, was added in 1847. St. Joseph was built in 1840. St. David's Cathedral, Hobart's first cathedral, was ordained in 1874.
Hobart has a few high rise buildings compared to other Australian cities. This is partly the result of the height limit imposed due to Hobart's proximity to the Derwent River and Mount Wellington.
Culture
Art and entertainment
Hobart is home to the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra, which is housed in the Federation Concert Hall by the city's waterfront. It offers concert programs throughout the year and is considered one of the best small orchestras in the world. Hobart also hosts the Australian International Symphony Orchestra Institute (AISOI) recognized by an Australian team that brings young professional musicians pre-professional to cities from across Australia and internationally. AISOI plays host to the public concert season during the first two weeks of December each year focusing on great symphonic music. Like the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra, AISOI uses the Federation Concert Hall as its show base.
Hobart is home to Australia's oldest theater, Theater Royal, as well as the Playhouse theater, Backspace theater, and many smaller stage theaters. It also has three Cinema Village complexes, each in Hobart CBD, Glenorchy and Rosny, with a fourth possibility being developed in Kingston. The State Cinema at North Hobart specializes in arthouse and foreign movies.
The first novel published by Australia, Quintus Servinton , was written and published in Hobart. It was written by an inmate, Henry Savery, in Hobart's prison cell in 1830, while serving a penalty for counterfeiting. A work that is generally autobiographical, it is the story of what happens to a well-educated man from a relatively good family to do, which makes a bad choice in life.
The city has also long been home to the development of classical music, jazz, folk, punk, hip-hop, electro, metal and rock music. Internationally recognized musicians such as metal act Striborg and Psycroptic, indie-electro band The Paradise Motel and The Scientists of Modern Music, singer-songwriter Sacha Lucashenko (from The Morning After Girls), Michael Noga (from The Drones), and Monique Brumby, two-thirds of indie rock band Love of Diagram, punk rock post punk, Miles Brown, blues guitarist Phil Manning (from blues-rock band), power-pop group The Innocents are all successful expats. In addition, the founding members of Violent Femmes, Brian Ritchie, now call Hobart home, and have formed a local band, The Green Mist. Ritchie also curated the annual MONA FOMA international art festival, held at a waterfront spot in Salamanca Place, Princes Wharf, Shed No. 2. 1. Hobart hosts many important festivals including famous winter cultural events, the Voices Festival, Australia's premiere festival celebrations, and Tasmania's biennial international art festival Ten Days On The Island. Other festivals, including Hobart's Hobbit Festival, Hobart's Summer Festival, Southern Root Festival, Waterfall Festival at Marion Bay, and the Soundscape Festival also make use of Hobart's artistic community.
Hobart is home to the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. The Meadowbank Estate wine and restaurant features a floor mural by Tom Samek, part funded by the Federal Government. The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) opened in 2011 to coincide with the third annual FOMA MONA festival. The storied MONA Gallery is built directly beneath the home of the Sir Roy Grounds historic courtyard, overlooking the Derwent River. The building serves as the entrance to the MONA Gallery.
Designed by prolific architect Sir Roy Grounds, the 17-storey Wrest Point Hotel Casino in Sandy Bay, opened as the first legal casino in Australia in 1973.
The nightlife of this city mainly revolves around Salamanca Place, the waterfront area, Elizabeth St in North Hobart and Sandy Bay, but popular pubs, bars and nightclubs are also around town. Major national and international music events are usually held at the Derwent Entertainment Center, or Casino. Strip of popular restaurants include Elizabeth Street in North Hobart, and Salamanca Place near the beach. This includes many ethnic restaurants including Chinese, Thai, Greek, Pakistani, Italian, Indian and Mexican. The main shopping street in CBD is Elizabeth Street, with Elizabeth Mal and Central Office General.
Shave Close, one of Australia's longest men, a cappella quartet, is based in Hobart.
Events
Hobart is internationally renowned among the cruise ship community as the end of the Sydney Yacht Race to Hobart which begins in Sydney on Boxing Day. The arrival of the cruise ship is celebrated as part of the Hobart Summer Festival, a food and wine festival that starts right after Christmas and ends in mid-January. Taste of Tasmania is a major part of the festival, where locals and visitors can taste delicious local and international food and wine.
The city is the end point of the Targa Tasmania car rally event, which has been held annually in April since 1991.
The annual Tulip Festival at the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens is a popular Spring celebration in the city.
The Australian Wooden Boat Festival is a biennial event held in Hobart to celebrate wooden ships. It was held in conjunction with the Royal Hobart Regatta, which began in 1830 and is therefore the oldest live sporting event in Tasmania.
Sports
Most Hobart sports teams in national competitions are teams from states and not city teams exclusively.
Cricket is a popular game of the city. The Tasmanian Tigers cricket team plays its home game at Bellerive Oval in the Eastern Shore. The new team, Hobart Hurricanes represents the city in the Big Bash League. Bellerive Oval has become a breeding ground for some world class cricket players including former Australian captain Ricky Ponting.
Although the popularity of Australian football is very popular in the state of Tasmania, the country has no teams in the Australian Football League. However, the bid for the AFL Tasmania team is a popular topic among football fans. The State Government is one of the potential sponsors of such a team. Local club domestic football is still played. The Tasmanian League Football League features five clubs from Hobart, and other leagues like Southern Football League and Old Scholars Football Association are also played every Winter.
The city has two local rugby league football teams (Hobart Tigers and South Hobart Storm) competing in the Tasmanian Rugby League.
Tasmania is not represented by teams in NRL, Super Rugby, ANZ Championship, A-League, or NBL. However, the Hobart Charger actually represents Hobart in the second-class Southeast Asian Basketball League. In addition to an offer for an AFL club that was passed for the second Queensland team, despite some premier local businesses and Premier pioneers for the club, there was also Hobart's bid to enter the A-League.
Hockey Tasmania has a men's team (the Tasmanian Tigers) and a women's team (the Van Demons) competing in the Australian Hockey League.
The city hosts the FIBA ​​basketball of the 1975 Oceania Championship.
Media
Five free-to-air television stations serve Hobart:
- ABC Tasmania ( ABT )
- SBS Tasmania ( SBS )
- Southern Cross Television Tasmania ( TNT ) - Seven Affiliate Network
- WIN Television Tasmania ( TVT ) - Ten affiliate networks
- Tasmania Digital Television ( TDT ) - Nine Network Affiliates
Each station broadcasts a primary channel and multiple multichannels.
Hobart is served by twenty-eight free-to-air digital television channels:
Most of the pay-TV services are provided by Foxtel via satellite, though other pay-television providers cater to Hobart.
Commercial radio stations are licensed to cover the Hobart market including Triple M Hobart, Hit 100.9 and FM 7HO. Local community radio stations include the Ultra106five Christian radio station, Edge Radio and 92FM targeting the wider community with specialist programs. Five ABC radio networks are available on analog radio broadcasts to Hobart through 936 ABC Hobart, National Radio, Triple J, NewsRadio and ABC Classic FM.
Hobart's main newspaper is The Mercury , founded by John Davies in 1854 and has since been published. This paper is owned and operated by Rupert Murdoch's News Limited.
Government
The larger Hobart metropolitan area consists of five local government areas where three, Hobart Town, Glenorchy City and the City of Clarence are designated as cities. Hobart also includes the local government town of Kingborough City and the City of Brighton. Each local government service is all suburbs within geographical boundaries and responsible for their own urban areas, up to a certain scale, and housing planning as well as waste management and primary water storage.
Most events throughout the city such as Taste of Tasmania and the Hobart Summer Festival are funded by the Government of the State of Tasmania as a joint venture with the Hobart City Council. Town planning The Hobart CBD in particular the Regions listed areas such as Sullivans Cove are also highly studied by the State Government, which is operated out of the Parliament House by the beach.
Education
Hobart is home to the main campus of Tasmania University, located in Sandy Bay. The on-site accommodation colleges include Christ College, Jane Franklin Hall and St John Fisher College. Other campuses are in Launceston and Burnie.
G.H.A. (Greater Hobart Area) contains 122 elementary, middle and high school (High School) schools scattered throughout Clarence, Glenorchy, and Hobart Town Hall as well as Kingborough and the City of Brighton. These schools comprise a mix of public, catholic, private, and independent lines, with the heaviest distribution located in the more densely populated West around the core of Hobart. TasTAFE operates a total of seven polytechnic campuses within G.H.A. which provides vocational education and training.
Infrastructure
The only public transport within the city of Hobart is via the Tasmanian-funded Metro Tasmania bus network and a small number of private bus services. Like many major Australian cities, Hobart once operated a passenger tram service, an electric bus network consisting of six routes operating until 1968. However, the tram closed in the early 1960s. Tracks are still visible in the older streets of Hobart.
The suburban passenger train, run by the Tasmanian Government Railway, was closed in 1974 and the intrastate passenger service, Tasman Limited, ceased operations in 1978. Recently despite the urge of the city, and increasingly from the government, to build a network light railways, intended to be fast, efficient and environmentally friendly, along the paths of the South North corridor; to help reduce the frequent traffic jams in the Hobart CBD.
The main arterial route in the urban area is the Brooker Highway to Glenorchy and the northern suburbs, Tasman Bridge and Bowen Bridge across the river to Rosny and the East Coast. The East Derwent Highway to Lindisfarne, Geilston Bay and Northwards to Brighton, South Arm Highway to Howrah, Rokeby, Lauderdale and Opossum Bay and South Outlets to the south to Kingston and D'Entrecasteaux Channel. Leaving the city, motorists can travel to the Lyell Highway to the west coast, Midland Highway to Launceston and north, Tasman Highway to the east coast, or Huon Highway to the far south.
The ferry service from Hobart's Eastern Shore to the city was once a common form of public transport, but with the lack of government funding, as well as the lack of interest from the private sector, there has been the loss of regular commuter ferry services - leaving Hobart's commuters relying solely on travel by car and bus. However there is a water taxi service operating from the East Coast to Hobart which provides an alternative to Tasman Bridge.
Hobart is served by Hobart International Airport with flights to/from Melbourne (Qantas, Virgin Australia, Jetstar Airways and Tiger Airways Australia); Sydney (Qantas, Jetstar and Virgin); Brisbane (Virgin); Gold Coast (Tiger Airways); and Adelaide (Jetstar). The smaller Cambridge Aerodrome mainly caters to small charter airlines that offer local travel flights. In the last decade, Hobart International Airport received a major increase, with the airport now becoming a first-class airport facility.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments