USS Long Beach (CLGN-160/CGN-160/CGN-9) is a nuclear-powered missile cruiser in the United States Navy and the world's first nuclear-powered fighter surface. He is the third navy ship named Long Beach, California.
He was the sole member of the Long Beach class, and the last cruiser built for the United States Navy for the design of a yacht; all subsequent cruiser classes are built on enhanced scale destroyers or, in the case of the Albany class, converted from existing cruisers.
Long Beach was laid on 2 December 1957, launched July 14, 1959 and commissioned 9 September 1961 under the command of Eugene Parks Wilkinson, formerly the first commander of the world's first nuclear-powered vessel, USS Nautilus (SSN-571). He was deployed to Vietnam during the war and served several times in the Western Pacific, Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf. In the 1990s, nuclear power was considered too expensive to be used on smaller surface ships of aircraft carriers, while there was a defense budget cut following the end of the Cold War. Long Beach was deactivated on May 1, 1995 instead of receiving its third nuclear fuel and proposed an increase. What remains of the keel, once the superstructure has been removed and the vessel being bombed, is sold for scrap in 2012 at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard.
Video USS Long Beach (CGN-9)
Konfigurasi
Long Beach was first set up to be a smaller frigate, but then he was scheduled to mount a nuclear regulus or newer cruise missile, four launch tubes for a Polaris missile that would occupy space taken by a 5-caliber rifle ride "/38 and the ASROC system, consequently, he redesigned and expanded into the hull of the ship, allowing for open space just behind the" box "of the bridge to accommodate the Regulus/Polaris missile. Long Beach is also the last cruise ship which was built in the style of a World War II era cruiser, then a newly built cruiser is actually converted frigates, such as Leahy (DLG-16), Bainbridge (DLGN-25), < i> Belknap (DLG-26), Truxtun (DLGN-35), California and Virginia classes, or an elevated destroyer , like the Ticonderoga class cruiser built on Spruance - the class crushing hull.
The high box-like superstructure contains the SCANFAR system, which consists of the AN/SPS-32 and AN/SPS-33 gradual series radar. One of the reasons for Long Beach is the single-ship class is because it is an experimental platform for this radar, which is a precursor for the AN/SPY-1 staged array system which is then installed on Aegis with the Cruiser class Ticonderoga and Arleigh Burke - class of destroyers. At that time, Long Beach had the highest bridge of smaller vessels than aircraft carriers.
In addition to steel, Long Beach is built with 450 tons of structural aluminum. Due to the unusually high amount of aluminum, he was dubbed a "Alcoa" radio call. The vessel is driven by two nuclear reactors, one for each propeller shaft, and capable of speeds in excess of 30 knots (56 km/h). The ship was originally designed with "all-missile" weaponry, but equipped with two 5 "/38 caliber rifle mounts in the middle of the ship on the orders of President John F. Kennedy.
Maps USS Long Beach (CGN-9)
Weapon suite
The original weapons package consists of:
- One back launcher for long-range Talos Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAM) with a range of more than 80Ã, nmi (150Ã,km).
- Two front launchers for the medium range SAM Terrier with a range of more than 30 miles (48 km).
- The ASROC RUR-5 anti-submarine system capable of delivering torpedoes or depth charges in the range of 10,000 km (9.1 km).
- Two 12.75-inch torpedo launchers that can fire a Mark 46 torpedo.
- Two 5 "/38 caliber pistols, capable of striking surfaces and beaches up to 18,000 yd (16 km) range.
The ship went through several modifications at the time he was disabled. The last weapons package consists of:
- Two front launchers for standard extended range missiles. It replaces the Terrier launcher.
- The rear launcher for Talos was replaced with 2 launchers of the BGM-109 Tomahawk launcher box. Each launcher has 4 missiles.
- Two Phalanx CIWS are added on the back of the back pole.
- Two launchers of the ship-to-ship Harpoon RGM-84 are added. Each launcher has 4 Harpoons.
Rifles 5//38 and ASROC are maintained, and some 12.7mm (50-cal) are installed as needed.
History
Long Beach originally booked as CLGN-160 . He was reclassified CGN-160 in early 1957, but was re-classified as CGN-9 on July 1, 1957. The foundation was set on December 2, 1957 by Bethlehem Steel Co., Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts. He was launched July 14, 1959, sponsored by Ny. Marian Swanson-Hosmer, wife of Rear Admiral Craig Hosmer (USNR, Ret.), A congressman from California, and commissioned on September 9, 1961. During commissioning, the ship was reported to have cost $ 320 million ($ 2.62 billion a day this), which exceeds the budget from the previous estimate of $ 250 million.
During construction in January 1960, it was widely reported that Long Beach had been sabotaged when the degaussing electrical cable was found to have been intentionally cut in three places. It was the second of three incidents on the Fore River Shipyard at that time.
Long Beach is assigned to the Atlantic Fleet and ported home at Norfolk Naval Station. Missile cruisers conducted extensive grinding tests on their complex weapons and propulsion systems from 2 October to 16 December 1961; His appearance proved a nuclear war ship as a tough battleship. Between December 28 and January 6, 1962 he tested his missile operations from Puerto Rico, then sailed to Bremerhaven, Germany, arriving on January 15 for a call to honor at the port of northern Europe.
Back to Norfolk, Virginia 7 February 1962, Long Beach , trained off the east coast and in the Caribbean. On April 10, he joined the Atlantic Fleet as seeded for Rear Admiral Robert L. Dennison, Supreme Commander, Atlantic Fleet, for training off the coast of the United States, North Carolina and Virginia. He was reviewed by President John F. Kennedy and Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson all this time.
Long Beach served in the Atlantic Fleet since it was commissioned in 1961 to complete its first fueling in early 1966, when the yacht was moved from its home port from Norfolk to the Naval Station of Long Beach, California.
Operational history
1960s
After the repair and installation of new equipment at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Long Beach was re-trained in the Caribbean, and then sailed August 6, 1963 to join the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean for peacekeeping operations. He returned to Norfolk on December 20 for coastal and Caribbean operations until April 28, 1964 when he sailed to the Mediterranean again to join the USS Enterprise (CVN-65) aircraft carrier and missile controller USS Bainbridge , in the formation of the first nuclear task group on 13 May. The Mediterranean-operated forces tested their unique capabilities until July 31 while sailing under RADM Bernard M. Strean from Gibraltar on a worldwide voyage. This operation, Sea Orbit, recalled the voyage of the Great White Fleet in 1907-1909, demonstrating the strategic mobility of US-powered naval forces that are independent of the normal fleet logistics support. Long Beach steamed over 30,000 miles in 58 days at an average speed of 25 knots, without being refilled or refilled. In the voyage of travel, many foreign officials visited the ship during visits from both African coast and call at the ports in Karachi, Pakistan, Melbourne, Australia, Wellington, New Zealand and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Long Beach returned to Norfolk from this voyage October 3, 1964 to join in training off the east coast and in the Caribbean. On June 4, 1965 he set sail for the Global Strategy Conference at Naval War College, Newport, where Vice Admiral Kleber S. Masterson, Second Fleet Commander broke his flag on board. Back in Norfolk June 23, 1965, Long Beach continued training and care before transferring to the Pacific Fleet. He sailed on February 28, 1966 to port his new home and namesake, Long Beach, California, and arrived March 15, 1966.
The summer of 1966 was spent training and orienting the midshipmen in the tactics and operations involved in the modern Navy Navy. After a period of leave and maintenance in the fall, Long Beach sailed 7 November 1966 from Long Beach to the Far East. During this initial voyage, the ship was primarily tasked as a Positive Sensification Radar Advisory Zone (PIRAZ) unit in the northern Gulf of Tonkin. Thus, his main responsibility is to "cleanse" the US combat aircraft again, ensuring that no enemy aircraft are seeking to avoid identification by hiding among the returning friendlies. In addition, the ship provides support for on-board Search and Rescue (SAR) helicopters. During this tour, Long Beach was responsible for directing the crash of a Soviet-made 'Colt' aircraft that attempted to involve the South Vietnamese naval unit. The shooting was carried out by F-4 Phantom II fighter jets under the control of Air Intercept Controller (AIC) Long Beach . The yacht returned to Long Beach, California, in July 1967. In 1968 the vessel was re-deployed to the Gulf of Tonkin, shooting down a MiG fighter jet with RIM-8 Talos missiles on May 23, 1968, at 65 miles. In June of the same year, he dropped another MIG, this one at 61 miles. He also directed other MIG killings by American fighters. He was the first ship to drop the plane using SAM in the Vietnam war and the incident was not immediately published because it feared the use of SAM would undermine the Paris Peace Accords of 1968. Long Beach received the Navy Award for his actions. 1970s
Long Beach received the Combat Action Ribbon for action on 26 April 1972, a few days after the Battle of ?? ng H? i. After Vietnam, Long Beach undertook regular duties in the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean, performed escort work for the USS Enterprise in 1975, and participated in multinational naval exercises when deployed in 1976 -77. Around this time, Long Beach was identified as suitable for conversion to accommodate the newly developed Aegis fighter system, as part of a plan for a nuclear-powered Aegis cruiser, but the plan was not implemented. In 1975, the ship changed its home port to Naval Base San Diego, California. When the Talos missile system was removed in 1978, two 4-cell Tomahawk anti-ship missile launchers were installed.
1980s
In 1980, the ship rescued 114 Vietnamese boatmen off the coast of Vietnam. 9 January 1980, Long Beach returned to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard to undergo mid-life conversion, during which time the SCANFAR system, which consisted of AN/SPS-32 and AN/SPS-33 radar, was removed from the superstructure forward and improved featured facilities installed, along with modern radar such as AN/SPS-48. The SM-2ER Standard Missile and associated modern electronics replaced the outdated Terrier system. In addition, two CIWS melee weapon systems were installed, and the Harpoon Surface-to-surface missile (SSM) launcher was reinstalled. Beginning January 5, 1985, the Tomahawk BGM-109 cruise missile system was installed, including two 4-cell Armored Launchers. On October 19, 1987, he participated in the Kuwaiti reflection tankers and provided an anti-aircraft cover during Operation Nimble Archer. Long Beach was deployed throughout the 1980s, launching and launching the Tomahawk missile test.
1990s
Long Beach served as a guard troop of USSÃ, Missouri, and provided support for carrier escorts after the 1991 Gulf War. Long Beach > was deployed to the region beginning May 28, 1991 to support Operation Provide Comfort, which after Operation Desert Storm ended and the enormous hostilities had ended in late February 1991. In June 1991, Long Beach took part in Operation Fiery Vigil , evacuated US military personnel from two bases in the Philippines, Clark Air Base and US Subic Air Force, during the Mount Pinatubo volcano eruption.
Decommissioning
Initially there was a plan to upgrade Long Beach with the Aegis Battle System in the early 1990s, requiring that its superstructure be completely rebuilt. Due to defense budget cuts after the 1991 Gulf War, as well as high operating and labor costs compared to conventional powered vessels, the decision was made to stop all nuclear explorers from the Navy as their reactor core ran down. They will be replaced by the Ticonderoga (CG) and Arleigh Burke (DDG) classes, designed from the ground up with the Aegis. Like Long Beach had refueled during the 1970s, the third replenishment was due in the early to mid 1990s. As a result, a decision was made to cancel him in 1994.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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