The Port of Long Beach , also known as Harbor Harbor City of Long Beach, is the second busiest container port in the United States, after the adjacent Port of Los Angeles. Acting as the main gateway for US-Asian trade, the port occupies 3,200 hectares (13 km km) of land with 25 miles (40 km) of water in the city of Long Beach, California. Long Beach Port is located less than two miles (3 km) southwest of downtown Long Beach and about 25 miles (40 km) south of downtown Los Angeles. The port generates about US $ 100 billion in trades and employs over 316,000 people in Southern California.
Video Port of Long Beach
Sejarah awal (1911-1960s)
The Breakwater San Pedro began in 1899 and from time to time expanded to protect the site when Port of Long Beach. The Port of Long Beach was established at 800 acres (3.2 km 2 ) from the mud on June 24, 1911, at the mouth of the Los Angeles River. In 1917, the first Seaport Commissioner was formed to oversee port operations. Due to the booming economy, Long Beach voters approved a $ 5 million bond to increase the inner and outer ports in 1924.
The old Municipal Pier was rebuilt to Municipal Wharf in 1925. In 1925 construction began at Pier A and Pier B, with the opening of Pier A in 1930.
In 1926 more than one million tons of cargo were handled, and an additional dock was built to accommodate growing businesses.
In 1921, oil was discovered at Long Beach Oil Field in and around Signal Hill. In 1932, the fourth largest oil field in the United States, Wilmington Oil Field, was discovered; many of these fields are under Long Beach and the harbor area itself. Hundreds of oil wells from Wilmington Oil Field provide oil revenues to the City and Long Beach Ports. The first offshore oil wells at the port were brought online in 1937, shortly after the discovery that the vast oilfield extends to the harbor. By the mid-1930s, the port was expanded, largely because of the need to transport oil to overseas markets, because the enormous oil output of the Los Angeles Valley caused flooding in the US market.
The taking of hundreds of millions of barrels of oil causes concerns over the ambles, as the soil above it collapses into empty spaces from time to time. Engineers and geologists are immediately assigned to the problem, building a dike for flood control at high tide.
On July 3, 1930 the Federal River and Harbor Act allowed the expansion of San Pedro Bay breaks by 3.5 miles in 1949.
Long Beach became the home port of the US Navy Pacific Fleet in 1932. In 1940, the navy bought 105 hectares on Terminal Island building the Long Beach Navy Shipyard there.
In 1946, after World War II, the Long Beach Port was established as the "most modern port in America" ​​with the completion of the first nine long-haul transit jetties. Pier E finished and Pier B expanded to twice its size in 1949. Pierpoint Landing finished at Pier F in 1948, becoming a great sport fishing ground.
Concerns about the decline increased until Operation "Big Squirt," a water injection program, halting the development of drowned land in 1960.
Maps Port of Long Beach
Recent history (1970s-present)
In 1971, the expansion of Pier J complete with 55-acre containers and imported car terminals, became Toyota's Western distribution center. In 1972, International Transportation Service completed a 52-hectare container terminal at Pier J with a 1,200-foot dock and two gantry cranes. Maersk Line Pacific finishes at Pier G's 29-acre container terminal. Port of Long Beach is the largest container terminal in America.
With the rapid harbor pollution is also increasing. Port of Long Beach instituted a program to prevent and control oil spills, contain debris, and manage ship traffic. Due to its efforts, the port was awarded the American Port Authority International Association's "E" Award. Long Beach is the first port in the Western Hemisphere to receive such an award.
In 1980, with improved relations between the United States and China, the port sent officials to the People's Republic of China for the first time. Less than a year later, China Ocean Shipping Co. inaugurated international shipping and set Long Beach as the first US call port. The relationship was falsified with other international forces, and Hanjin Shipping South Korea opened a container terminal of 57 acres (230,000 m 2 ) at Pier C harbor in 1991. Following this, COSCO, a Chinese freight forwarding company, safe business with Long Beach Port in 1997.
From the late 1990s to 2011, the Long Beach Port saw an increase in traffic and growth with terminal rentals. In 1997, about one million containers entered the port. In 2005, this number increased threefold to nearly 3.3 million containers. If outbound containers were included, the number increased from 3 million containers in 1997 to nearly 6.7 million containers in 2005.
In 2001 the US Navy closed its trail at Long Beach Harbor, the Navy transferred much of its last land on Terminal Island to Long Beach Harbor. Shipyard closed in 1997.
Ships and cargo traffic spikes drive increased environmental efforts by the port. In 2004, Long Beach Port achieved compliance with air pollution mandates by handling petroleum coke, one of the largest export ports, in a better way. Using closed conveyors and closed storage areas, the port reduced the amount of dust emitted by petroleum coke by 5%, down 21% in 1997.
In 2007, the port launched the first phase by approving an older diesel truck banned from serving port. On October 1, 2011, the Clean Truck Program was launched by Long Beach Port and Los Angeles. The program sets a goal of reducing air pollution from its truck fleet by 80% by 2012. Trucks built before 1987 failing to meet 2007 clean truck standards set by the US Environmental Protection Agency denied access to port terminals. In accordance with the clean truck initiative on October 1, all trucking companies doing business with ports must have a port approved concession that outlines the rules to be followed. As of September 23, 2011, nearly 500 trucking companies have applied for concessions, totaling more than 6,000 trucks.
In 2012 International Longshore and Warehouse Union broke down, which closed ports and Long Beach and Los Angeles. The eight-day strike cost California about $ 8 billion. The ships retreated to the Pacific Ocean. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service helps end the strike. Strikes impact retailers getting ready for holiday sales.
In 2018, the Board of Commissioners of the Port Port of San Pedro approved SpaceX plans to build a Berth 240 Facility at the former Southwest Marine site, the facility will be used to produce SpaceX's BFR Rocket, and process the flown Boosters Falcon.
Economy
The combined import and export value of ports is almost $ 100 billion per year. Ports provide jobs, generate tax revenues, and support retail and manufacturing businesses. Over $ 800 million per year is spent on wholesale distribution services in the city. In the City of Los Angeles, port operations generate over 230,000 jobs, with over $ 10 billion per year going to distribution services in the city. At the state level, Long Beach Port provides approximately 370,000 jobs and generates nearly $ 5.6 billion per year in state and local tax revenues
Environment
The twin ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach are, together, the largest source of air pollution in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Both ports have implemented a number of environmental programs to reduce pollution levels while continuing port growth.
Green Port Policy
The internationally recognized Green Port Policy was adopted by Long Beach Harbor in 2005 in an effort to reduce pollution in the burgeoning Los Angeles/Long Beach area. The policy sets out a framework for improving wildlife habitats, improving air and water quality, clearing land and submarine sediments, and creating a sustainable harbor culture. The Principles of the Green Port Policy Guidelines are to protect communities from harmful environmental impacts of port operations, differentiate harbors as leaders in environmental management and compliance, promote sustainability, use the best available technology to avoid or reduce environmental impacts, and engage and educate communities. Long Beach Harbor is recognized for protection by the California Bays and Estuaries Policy.
Clean Air Action Plan
In 2007, Long Beach Port continued its environmental efforts by implementing the Clean Air Action Plan, an air quality program adopted by the Port of Long Beach and Los Angeles. In recognition, the Clean Air Action Plan was awarded the most prestigious award from the American Port Authority Association, Environmental Management Award, in 2007.
The Clean Air Action Plan also includes the use of trucks considered too pollutant. The Port Port Commission approved a Clean Truck Program that prohibited old diesel trucks in October 2008. The program, outlined in the San Pedro Port Clean Air Action Plan, is expected to modernize the port truck industry and cut 80% truck-related air pollution. % in 2012. Densified short-range port diesel trucks (drayage) are the main source of air pollution.
Green Flag incentive program
While the clean truck became the focus, Long Beach Port also turned its attention to the ship. The Green Flag incentive program was established to encourage ships to slow down to improve air quality. The Green Flag program provides approximately $ 2 million per year in discounts for vessel operators that slow their vessels to 12 knots (22 km/h) or less within 20 miles (32 km) of the port. According to the port, the Green Flag program reduced air pollution by 600 tons in 2007 and is expected to improve in 2008.
The port has donated millions of dollars to choose Southern California wetland projects, including a $ 50 million donation to Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve in Huntington Beach. The Port of Long Beach officers are looking to help restore and revitalize the Cerritos Basin.
Government
Commission Harbor
The Port of Long Beach is governed by the City of Long Beach. City Charter created the Long Beach Harbor Department to promote and develop the harbor. Under the charter, the Board of Commissioners of the five-member Council is responsible for establishing a policy for ports and managing the Harbor Department.
The Port Commissioners established a policy for the Long Beach Port. The Commissioner is appointed by the Mayor of Long Beach and confirmed by the City Council. They may serve no more than two six-year periods. In July, the commissioner turned the president and vice president offices. These offices are held for one year.
Community relationships
To help improve relationships with Long Beach and surrounding cities, Port of Long Beach embarked on a number of outreach events.
- Green Port Fest started in 2005, this annual event allows the public to see port operations and learn more about environmental programs and port security. The family festival has a boat tour and interactive exhibits.
- To educate the public, Long Beach Port also hosts a free boat tour during the summer. The tour offers a 90-minute cruise from the harbor. All tours are posted two months in advance and are generally booked within a few days.
- The Port of Long Beach hosts a public outreach event called "Let's Talk Port". This is a forum where the community can learn and ask about ports.
- Senior high school graduates of Long Beach Polytechnic can apply for higher education scholarships that range from $ 1,000 to $ 8,000. Scholarships are awarded to graduate students who plan to pursue a career in international trade or other port related industries. Scholarships are also awarded to international business students who attend Long Beach City College and California State University, Long Beach.
Security
Command and Control Center
In February 2009, Port opened a $ 21 million command center. The Command and Control Center in accordance with the Green Port port policy becomes energy efficient.
Port Patrol
Long Beach Harbor Patrol is a group of trained and armed public officers dedicated to public safety and security at Long Beach Port. The Port Patrol Officer monitors port facilities and public roads, responds to shipments, and has authority to access all sea terminals and cargo at ports.
In addition, Harbor Patrol operates surveillance cameras at all times, underwater sonar, diving teams, explosive detectors, and other technologies to protect port facilities and operations.
See also
- Port of Los Angeles
- Terminal Island
- Port of Los Angeles Long Wharf Santa Monica
- United States container port
References
Further reading
- This article incorporates public domain material from the Transportation Statistics Bureau document "Port of Long Beach".
- Rosenberg, Paul (February 15, 2015). "Port truck drivers have gained two key wins, but deregulation continues: To see what's wrong with deregulation, the neoliberal economy, does not look any farther than the struggling port of truckers." Salon.com . Retrieved February 15 2015 .
- Smith, Rebecca; Alexander, Paul; Zerolnick, Marvy Jon. "Big Rig Reshuffle: Restoring Middle Class Work in American Ports through Labor Law Enforcement" (PDF) . National Employment Law Project, Change to Win the Strategic Organizational Center, Los Angeles Alliance for the New Economy . Retrieved February 15 2015 . Ã,
External links
Media related to Port of Long Beach on Wikimedia Commons
- Port of Long Beach website
- Port of Long Beach overview page
- Impact Project (works to reduce port-related pollution)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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