Jacksonville is the most populous city in the US state of Florida and the largest city by region in the United States adjacent. This is the center of Duval County, which consolidated the city government in 1968. Consolidation gave large sizes to Jacksonville and placed most of its metropolitan populations within the city limits. With an estimated population of 892,062 in 2017, Jacksonville is also the most populous city in the southeastern United States. The Jacksonville metropolitan area has a population of 1,631,488 and is the fourth largest in Florida.
Jacksonville is centered on the banks of the River St. Johns in the First Coast region of northeastern Florida, about 25 miles (40 km) south of the state line of Georgia and 340 miles (550 km) north of Miami. The Jacksonville Beaches community is located along the adjacent Atlantic coast. The area was originally settled by the Timucua people, and in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continent of the United States. Under British rule, the settlement grew at a narrow point on the river where cattle crossed, known as Wacca Pilatka to Seminole and Ford Cow to England. A pinned city was established there in 1822, a year after the United States acquired Florida from Spain; it was named after Andrew Jackson, the first military governor of the Florida Region and the seventh President of the United States.
Improvements to the harbor since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a great military-civil and military port. Its rivership site facilitates Mayport Naval Station, Naval Air Station Jacksonville, US Marine Corps, Blount Island Command, and Port of Jacksonville, Florida's third largest port. Jacksonville's military base and the nearest Navy Submarine Base Kings Bay formed the third largest military presence in the United States. Important factors in the local economy include services such as banking, insurance, health care and logistics. As with many Florida, tourism is also important for the Jacksonville area, especially golf-related tourism. People from Jacksonville can be called "Jacksonvillians" or "Jaxsons" (also spelled "Jaxons").
Video Jacksonville, Florida
Histori
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The modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. At Black Hammock Island in the National Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, the University of North Florida team discovered some of the oldest remaining pottery in the United States, dating back to 2500 BC. In the 16th century, the beginning of the historical era, the region was inhabited by Mocama, a coastal subgroup of the Timucua people. At the time of contact with Europeans, all of Mocama's villages in Jacksonville today are part of a powerful tribal chief known as Saturiwa, centered around the mouth of St. Johns. A preliminary map shows a village named Ossachite at the current location of downtown Jacksonville; this is probably the earliest recorded name for that area.
French explorer Huguenot Jean Ribault charts St. Johns in 1562, calling it the May River because that was the month of his discovery. Ribault erected a stone column at its landing site near the mouth of the river, claiming a newfound ground for France. In 1564, Renà © à © Goulaine de LaudonniÃÆ'¨re founded the first European settlement, Fort Caroline , at St. Johns is near the main village of Saturiwa. Philip II of Spain ordered Pedro MenÃÆ'Â,à © ndez de AvilÃÆ'  © s to protect Spanish interests by attacking the French presence at Fort Caroline. On September 20, 1565, Spanish troops from the Spanish settlement near St. Petersburg. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline, and killed almost all the French soldiers who defended it. The Spanish changed the name of the fort San Mateo , and after the issuance of the French position, St. Augustine as the most important settlement in Florida is compacted. The location of Fort Caroline is debatable but the reconstruction of the fort was erected on the River St. Johns in 1964.
Spain surrendered Florida to England in 1763 after the French and Indian Wars, and the British soon built the King's Road which connects St. Augustine to Georgia. The road across the St. Johns at a narrow point, called Seminole Wacca Pilatka and English called Cow Ford ; these names seem to reflect the fact that cattle were brought across the river there. The British introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, tilapia and fruits, as well as timber exports. As a result, the northeast Florida region is more prosperous than under Spain. The British surrendered control of the territory to Spain in 1783, having been defeated in the American Revolutionary War, and the settlement at Ford Cow continued to grow.
Establishment and the 19th century
After Spain submitted the Florida Territory to the United States in 1821, the American settlers on the north side of Ford Cow decided to plan a town, laying down streets and plats. They named the town Jacksonville, after President Andrew Jackson. Led by Isaiah D. Hart, the population wrote a charter for the city government, which was approved by the Florida Legislative Council on 9 February 1832.
During the American Civil War, Jacksonville was a major supply point for pigs and cattle sent from Florida to feed Confederate forces. The city was blockaded by Union forces, which controlled nearby Fort Clinch. Although no fighting was fought in Jacksonville, the city changed hands several times between Union and Confederate forces. In Skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862, the Confederacy won their first victory in the state. However, Union forces captured Confederate positions at St. Battle. Johns Bluff, and occupied Jacksonville in 1862. Slaves escaped to freedom on the Union line. In February 1864 Union troops left Jacksonville and confronted the Confederate Army at the Battle of Olustee, descending to lose.
Union troops retreated to Jacksonville and held the city for the rest of the war. In March 1864, a Confederate cavalry faced a Union expedition in the Battle of Cedar Creek. Battles and long occupations left the city disturbed after the war.
During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, Jacksonville and St. The adjacent Augustine became a popular winter resort for the rich and famous. Visitors arrive by steamboat and then by train. President Grover Cleveland attended the Sub-Tropical Exhibition in town on 22 February 1888 during his trip to Florida. It highlights the visibility of the country as a viable place for tourism. However, the city's tourism suffered a major blow at the end of the 19th century by the outbreak of yellow fever. In addition, the extension of the East Coast Train Florida further south to attract visitors to other areas. From 1893 to 1938, Jacksonville was the site of the Confederate Army and Florida Seafarers; operate the nearby cemetery.
the 20th and 21st centuries
1900 to 1939
On May 3, 1901, downtown Jacksonville was struck by a fire that began as a kitchen fire. Spanish moss in nearby mattress factories are quickly engulfed in flames and allow the fire to spread rapidly. In just eight hours, it swept through 146 city blocks, destroying more than 2,000 buildings, causing about 10,000 homeless and killing seven residents. The Confederate Monument at Hemming Park is one of several landmarks to survive the fires. Governor William Sherman Jennings declared martial law and sent state militias to maintain order; on May 17, the city authorities returned. It said the light from the flames could be seen in Savannah, Georgia, and clumps of smoke were seen in Raleigh, North Carolina. Known as the "Great Fire of 1901", it is one of the worst disasters in Florida's history and the largest urban fire in the southeastern United States. Architect Henry John Klutho is the main character in the reconstruction of the city. The first multi-story structure built by Klutho was the Dyal-Upchurch Building in 1902. James Building, built on the previous location of St. The burning James, built in 1912 as a crowning achievement of Klutho.
In the 1910s, New York-based filmmakers were drawn to the warm climate of Jacksonville, its exotic location, excellent rail access, and cheap labor. During this decade, more than 30 silent film studios were established, resulting in Jacksonville as the title of "Winter Film Capital of the World". However, the emergence of Hollywood as a major film production center ended the movie industry in the city. One of the transformed film studio sites, Norman Studios, remains in Arlington; it has been converted to the Silent Jacksonville Film Museum at Norman Studios.
During this time, Jacksonville also became a center for banking and insurance, with companies such as Barnett Bank, Atlantic National Bank, Florida National Bank, Prudential, Gulf Life, Afro-American Insurance, Independent Life and American Heritage Life growing in the business district. The US Navy became a major corporation and economic power during the 1940s and World War II, building two naval bases in the city and the US Marine Corps that established the Blount Island Command.
1940 to 1979
Jacksonville, like most major cities in the United States, suffered the negative consequences of a rapid urban sprawl after World War II. The construction of a federal highway is a kind of subsidy that allows the development of suburban housing, and richer and better inhabitants move into new housing in the suburbs. After World War II, the city government of Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new public development projects in the postwar economic boom. Mayor W. Haydon Burns' Jacksonville Story resulted in the construction of new town halls, civil auditoriums, public libraries, and other projects that create a sense of dynamic citizens pride. However, suburban development and an advanced wave of middle-class "white flights" produce the remaining population with higher overall poverty rates.
Given the migration of resident, business, and postwar work, the city tax base is declining. They have difficulty funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits. In addition, residents in unincorporated suburbs have difficulties in obtaining municipal services, such as sewerage and law enforcement. In 1958, a study recommended that the city of Jacksonville begin annexing remote communities to create a larger geographic tax base needed to improve service across the region. Voters outside the city limits rejected the annexation plan in six referendums between 1960 and 1965. The city's largest ethnic group, non-Hispanic whites, declined from 75.8% of the population in 1970 to 55.1% in 2010.
On December 29, 1963, the Roosevelt Hotel fire killed 22 people, the highest one-day death toll in Jacksonville. On September 10, 1964, Hurricane Dora made a landing near St. Augustine, caused massive damage to buildings in North Florida. Hurricane Dora was the first storm to make a direct attack on North Florida.
In the mid-1960s, corruption scandals appeared among city officials, many of whom were part of the traditional Democratic conservative network that had dominated politics for decades. After the grand jury was summoned to investigate, 11 officials were indicted and more were forced to resign.
The Jacksonville Consolidation, led by JJ Daniel and Claude Yates, began winning more support during this period, than the city's two blacks, who wanted more involvement in government after passing civil rights legislation restoring their ability to vote , and white people in the suburbs, who want more services and more control over the city center. In 1964, 15 high schools in Duval County lost their accreditation. This adds momentum to the proposal for government reform. Lower taxes, increased economic development, community unification, better public spending, and effective administration by more central authorities are all cited as the reason for the new consolidation government.
When the consolidation ballot was held in 1967, voters approved the plan. On October 1, 1968, municipal and district governments joined forces to create Jacksonville Consolidated City. Fire, police, health & amp; welfare, recreation, public works, and housing & amp; urban development all combined under a new government. In honor of the occasion, Mayor Hans Tanzler posed with actress Lee Meredith behind a mark that marked the new frontier "New Town Bold in the South" in Florida 13 and Julington Creek. Consolidation creates an entity of 900 square miles.
1980 to present
Mayor Ed Austin was elected to office in 1991, defeating the active mayor of Tommy Hazouri. His most lasting contribution was the River City Renaissance program, a $ 235 million bond issued in 1993 by the city of Jacksonville that funded urban renewal and transformed the city's historic urban neighborhood. Austin oversees city purchases and repairs from St. James, who will eventually become Jacksonville town hall. He was the mayor at the time when Jacksonville was awarded the National Football League franchise, Jacksonville Jaguars. The NFL awarded the Jacksonville NFL franchise called Jacksonville Jaguars on 30 November 1993.
The Jacksonville Plan Better, promoted as a blueprint for the future of Jacksonville and approved by voters of Jacksonville in 2000, officially a half penny sales tax. This will generate most of the revenue required for a large $ 2.25 billion package of projects that includes roads & amp; infrastructure improvements, environmental conservation, targeted economic development and new or improved public facilities.
In 2005, Jacksonville hosted the Super Bowl XXXIX which was seen by about 86 million viewers.
In October 2016, Hurricane Matthew caused massive flooding and destruction in Jacksonville, Jacksonville Beach, Atlantic Beach and Neptune Beach, the first damage in the region since 2004. In September 2017, Hurricane Irma caused record flood damage in Jacksonville not seen since 1846.
Maps Jacksonville, Florida
Geography
Cityscape
Topography
According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​874.3 square miles (2,264 km 2 ), making Jacksonville the largest city on a continental land area in the United States adjacent; of this, 86.66% (757.7 sq. million or 1,962 km 2 ) is ground and 13.34% (116.7 sq mi or 302 km 2 ) is water. Jacksonville surrounds the town of Baldwin. Nassau County lies to the north, Baker County is west, and Clay and St. Johns County lies south; The Atlantic Ocean lies to the east, along with Jacksonville Beach. River St. Johns divides the city. The Trout River, the main tributary of the St. Johns, located entirely in Jacksonville.
Just south of Jacksonville, North of Saint Augustine marks the boundary where the Floridian Peninsula ends, and the North American continent begins. Jacksonville is just north of the line. While still in the coastal plains of North America, topography begins to pick up on a few characteristics of Piedmont. Like the ridge of Central Florida and Piedmont, the area began to tilt a few miles to the mainland. On the west side of Jacksonville a series of low mountains dominates. The high point of Jacksonville rises to 190 meters above sea level on Trail Ridge just along the boundary with Baker County.
The soil composition is mainly sand and clay rather than limestone, so very little sinkhole is formed; no matter how deep, large diameter large holes do occur.
Architecture
The architecture of Jacksonville varies in style. Several structures downtown preceded the Great Fire of 1901. The city is home to one of the largest collection of Prairie School buildings outside the Midwest. After the Great Fire of 1901, Henry John Klutho will come to influence the generation of local designers with his works by the Chicago School, championed by Louis Sullivan, and Prairie School of architecture, popularized by Frank Lloyd Wright. Jacksonville is also home to a collection of renowned medieval modern architecture. Local architects Robert C. Broward, Taylor Hardwick, and William Morgan adapt design principles, including International style, Brutalism, Futurism, and Organism, all applied to American interpretations commonly referred to today as medieval modern design. Reynolds, Smith & amp; Hills (RS & amp; H) and Kemp, Bunch & amp; Jackson (KBJ) has also contributed a number of important works to the modern city architecture movement.
Jacksonville's early dominant position as a regional business center left an indelible mark on the city's skyline. Many of the earliest skyscrapers in the state were built in Jacksonville, since 1902. The latter city holds the country's record high from 1974 to 1981. The tallest building in the skyline of Jacksonville City is the Bank of America Tower, built in 1990 as Barnett. Center. It has a height of 617Ã, ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors. Other important structures include the 37-story Wells Fargo Center (with a distinctive flaring base making it a defining building in the sky of Jacksonville), originally built in 1972-74 by Life Insurance Companies and Independent Accidents, and 28-storey Riverplace Tower. When the tower was completed in 1967, it was the highest precast concrete structure in the world.
Nearby Areas
There are over 500 neighborhoods in the vast Jacksonville area. These include Downtown Jacksonville and surrounding neighborhoods, including LaVilla, Brooklyn, Riverside and Avondale, Springfield, Eastside, and San Marco. In addition, the larger Jacksonville is traditionally divided into several amorphous regions, comprising most of the Duval region. These are Northside, Westside, Southside, and Arlington, as well as Jacksonville Beach.
There are four municipalities that have maintained their own government since the consolidation; these are Baldwin and three Jacksonville Beach towns in Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Jacksonville Beach. Four of the Jacksonville neighborhoods, Avondale, Ortega, Springfield, and Riverside, have been identified as the historic US district and are on the National Register of Historic Places.
Climate
According to Koppen's climatic classification, Jacksonville has a humid subtropical climate, with hot and wet summers, and a cooler and drier winter. Seasonal precipitation is concentrated in the hottest months from May to September, when intense but intense rains with thunder and lightning are common, while the driest month is from November to April. Rainfall averages about 52 inches (1,300 mm) per year.
Mean monthly temperatures range from about 53 ° F, (12 ° C) in January to 82 ° F (28 ° C) in July. The high temperatures average 64 to 92 Â ° F (18 to 33 Â ° C) throughout the year. The high heat index is common for the summer months in the area, with an index above 110 Ã, Â ° F (43.3 Ã, Â ° C) possible. The highest temperatures were recorded at 104 ° F (40 ° C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872. This is common for lightning storms erupting during typical summer afternoons. This is caused by the rapid heating of the ground relative to water, combined with very high humidity.
The city of Jacksonville averages only about 10 to 15 nights at or below freezing, although in some winters there may be severe freezing (below 28 F or -2.5 C). Such cold weather is usually short-lived. The coldest temperature recorded at Jacksonville International Airport was 7 Â ° F (-14 Â ° C) on Jan. 21, 1985. Jacksonville has recorded three days with measurable snow since 1911, most recently an inch (2.5 cm) of snow at December 1989 and floods in December 2010.
Jacksonville has suffered less damage than hurricanes than most other eastern coastal cities, although the threat is there to be directly exposed to major storms. The city has received only one direct attack from the storm since 1871; However, Jacksonville has experienced stormy or near-storm conditions more than a dozen times as the storm crosses the country from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean, or passes north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area. The strongest effect in Jacksonville was from Hurricane Dora in 1964, the only recorded storm hit the First Beach with a continuous storm force wind. Eye crossing St. Augustine with a freshly reduced wind to 110 mph (180 km/h), making it a powerful Categories 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. Jacksonville also suffered damage from a tropical storm Fay 2008 that flashed the country, bringing the Jacksonville section under darkness for four days. Similarly, four years before this, Jacksonville was flooded by Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne, who made landfall to the south of the area. This tropical cyclone is the most expensive indirect attack to Jacksonville. Hurricane Floyd in 1999 caused damage especially to Jacksonville Beach. During Floyd, the Jacksonville Beach pier was heavily damaged, and later destroyed. The rebuilt pier was then damaged by Fay, but not destroyed. Bonnie Tropical Storm will cause minor damage in 2004, bringing up a small tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl, packing winds up to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h) making landfall near Jacksonville Beach.
Garden
The city of Jacksonville has a unique park system, with lots of land operated by National Park Service, Florida State Parks, and Jacksonville City Park and Recreation. Jacksonville operates the largest urban park system in the United States, providing facilities and services in more than 337 locations in over 80,000 hectares (320 km km) located throughout the city. Jacksonville enjoys the natural beauty of the St. Johns and the Atlantic Ocean. Many parks provide people access for boat rides, swimming, fishing, sailing, jetski, surfing and water skiing. Several parks around the city have received international recognition.
National park
The Timucuan Preserve is a US National Reserve composed of over 46,000 acres (19,000 acres) of wetlands and waterways. It includes natural and historic areas such as Fort Caroline National Memorial and Kingsley Plantation, the state's oldest plantation.
State park
Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the twelfth most populous city in the United States. In 2010, there were 821,784 people and 366,273 households in the city. Jacksonville has the tenth largest Arab population in the country, with a total population of 5,751 according to the 2000 US Census. Jacksonville has the largest Filipino American community in Florida, with 25,033 in the metropolitan area in the 2010 Census. Many communities of the Philippines of Jacksonville are in charge of or have links with the United States Navy.
In 2010, Hispanic or Latin descent people accounted for 7.7% of Jacksonville's population. Of the 7.7%, 2.6% Puerto Rico, 1.7% Mexico, and 0.9% are Cuba.
In 2010, African-born people accounted for 30.7% of Jacksonville's population, including African Americans. Of the 30.7%, 1.8% are Sub-Saharan Africa, 1.4% are West Indians or Afro-Caribbean Americans (0.5% Haiti, 0.4% Jamaica, 0.1% Others or West Indians Unspecified, 0.1% Bahamas, 0.1% Barbadian), and 0.6% are Hispanic Black.
In 2010, people (non-Hispanic white) of European descent accounted for 55.1% of the Jacksonville population. From 55.1%, 10.4% are Germany, 10.2% Ireland, 8.8% UK, 3.9% Italy, 2.2% France, 2.0% Scotland, 2.0% Scotch-Ireland , 1.7% Poland, 1.1% Netherlands, 0.6% Russia, 0.5% Norway, 0.5% Sweden, 0.5% Welsh, and 0.5% are French Canadians.
In 2010, Asian ancestors accounted for 4.3% of the Jacksonville population. From 4.3%, 1.8% Philippines, 0.9% is India, 0.6% Others Asia, 0.5% Vietnam, 0.3% China, 0.2% Korea, and 0.1% are Japanese people.
In 2010, 6.7% of the population considered themselves only Americans (regardless of race or ethnicity.) And 0.9% were of Arab descent, in 2010.
In 2010, there were 366,273 households where 11.8% were vacant. 23.9% of households have children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% are married couples, 15.2% have female households without a husband, and 36.4% are not family. 29.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.9% have someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.21. In the city, the population is spread by 23.9% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% years or more. The median age was 35.5 years. For every 100 women, there are 94.1 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 91.3 males.
In 2010, the average income for households in the area was $ 48,829, and the average income for the family was $ 59,272. Men have an average income of $ 42,485 compared to $ 34,209 for women. The per capita income for the county is $ 25,227. About 10.5% of the families and 14.3% of the population are below the poverty line, including 20.4% of those under 18 and 9.9% of those 65 or older.
In 2010, 9.2% of the population of districts was born abroad, with 49.6% of American citizens being naturalized. Of the foreign-born population, 38.0% were born in Latin America, 35.7% were born in Asia, 17.9% were born in Europe, 5.9% were born in Africa, 1.9% in North America, and 0, 5% were born in Oceania.
In 2010, 87.1% of the population of Jacksonville aged five years and over spoke only English at home while 5.8% of the population spoke Spanish at home. About 3.3% speak another Indo-European language at home. About 2.9% speak Asian or Pacific Island/Oceanic languages ​​at home. The remaining 0.9% of the population speak another language at home. In total, 12.9% speak a language other than English.
In 2000, English speakers as the first language accounted for 90.60% of all residents, while Spanish-speaking people reached 4.13%, Tagalog 1.00%, French 0.47%, Arab 0.44%, German 0 , 43%, Vietnam 0.31%, Russia is 0.21% and Italy consists of 0.17% of the population.
Religion
Jacksonville has a diverse religious population. The largest religious group is Protestant. According to the Association of Archives of Religious Data (ARDA), in 2010 the metropolitan area of ​​Jacksonville has about 365,267 Protestant Evangelists, 76,100 Protestant Main Flows, and 56,769 Black Protestants, though the numbers for the latter are incomplete. There are about 1,200 Protestant denominations in various denominations. Famous Protestant churches include Bethel Baptist Baptist Church and First Baptist Church, the oldest Baptist church in the city. Episcopal diocese in Florida is at St. Anthony's Cathedral. John, the current building dating from 1906.
Jacksonville is part of Catholic Diocese St. Augustine, which includes seventeen districts in North Florida. ARDA estimates 133,155 Catholics attend 25 parishes in the metropolitan area of ​​Jacksonville in 2010. One of the most famous Catholic churches in Jacksonville is the Immaculate Conception Basilica, a small basilica that was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. There are also two Eastern Catholic parishes, one one Syriac Catholic Church and one of the Maronite Churches. According to ARDA, in 2010 there were 2520 Eastern Orthodox Christians representing four churches in the Eastern Orthodox communion, as well as Syriac Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic, Ethiopian Orthodox, and Coptic Orthodox Christian sessions.
The ARDA also estimated 14,886 members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and 511 Unitarian Universalists in 2010. There are approximately 8,581 Muslims attending seven mosques, the largest being the Northeast Florida Islamic Center. The Jewish community, numbering 6,028 in 2010, is largely centered in the Mandarin environment. There are five Orthodox, two Reforms, two Conservatives, and one Reconstruction synagogue. The Jewish Rohr Learning Institute teaches courses for the community.
ARDA juga memperkirakan 4.595 umat Hindu, 3.530 umat Buddha dan 650 BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ's di daerah Jacksonville pada tahun 2010.
Ekonomi
Location of Jacksonville on the River St. Johns and the Atlantic Ocean proved to be beneficial in the growth of the city and its industry. Jacksonville has a considerable deepwater port, which helps make it a leading US port for car imports, as well as a leading transportation and distribution center in the state. However, the city's economic strength lies in its vast diversification. While the area used to have many dairy farms such as Gustafson's Farm and Skinner Dairy, this economic aspect has declined over time. The regional economy is balanced between distribution, financial services, biomedical technology, consumer goods, information services, manufacturing, insurance and other industries.
Jacksonville is home to many leading companies and organizations, including the headquarters of four Fortune 500 companies: CSX Corporation, Fidelity National Financial, Fidelity National Information Services, and Southeastern Grocers. Interline Brands is based in Jacksonville and is currently owned by The Home Depot. The Florida East Coast Railway, the Swisher International Group and RailAmerica major railroad track company are also based in Jacksonville.
In 2008, Jacksonville had approximately 2.8 million visitors staying overnight, spending nearly $ 1 billion. The Data Services Research of Tampa is tasked with conducting research, which measures the importance of tourism. The total economic impact is $ 1.6 billion and supported by nearly 43,000 jobs, 10% of the local workforce.
Banking and financial services
Jacksonville has long had a regional heritage in banking and finance. Locally based in Atlantic National Bank, Florida National Bank and Barnett Bank dominated the industry in Florida from the turn of the 20th century until the 1980s, before it was acquired in a nationwide wave of mergers and acquisitions across the financial sector. Acquired by NationsBank in 1997, Barnett Bank was the last bank of these banks to surrender to the acquisition, and at that time was the largest banking merger in US history. The city still holds national and international differences, raising two Fortune 500 financial services firms, Fidelity National Financial and FIS, FIS is recognized as a global leader in financial technology. Headquartered on the banks of the River St. Johns in Downtown Jacksonville, EverBank holds the title of the largest bank in the state with deposits. The city is home to other important financial services institutions including Ameris Bancorp, Atlantic Coast Financial, Black Knight Financial Services, MedMal Direct Insurance Company, Assurance AS and Credit Union VyStar. The city is also home to the Jacksonville Branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
The financial sector of Jacksonville has benefited from a rapidly changing business culture, as do other Sunbelt cities like Atlanta, Tampa, and Charlotte. In a concept known as nearshoring, financial intuition diverts operations from high-cost addresses such as Wall Street, and even diverts trade functions to Jacksonville. With relatively cheap real estate, easy access to New York City, high quality life and 19,000 employees of the financial sector, Jacksonville has become an attractive option for relocating staff. Perhaps the best example is the growing presence of Deutsche Bank in the city. Jacksonville is home to the second largest US operation in the US, only the larger New York. Other institutions with significant presence in Jacksonville include Macquarie Group, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, JPMorgan Chase, Citi, Property Insurance Citizens, Fidelity Investments, Ally Financial and Aetna.
Logistics
Jacksonville is the railroad, air, and focal point of the busy highway and port, with Jacksonville International Airport, ship repair yard and extensive cargo handling facilities. Wood, phosphate, paper, cigar and wood pulp are the main exports; cars and coffee including imported goods. The city's manufacturing base only provides 4.5% of local work, compared to 8.5% nationally. According to Forbes in 2007, Jacksonville, Florida was ranked 3rd in the top ten US cities to be relocated for work. Jacksonville is also the 10th fastest city in the US.
To emphasize the city's transportation business and capabilities, the Jacksonville Regional Chamber of Commerce filed the Jacksonville Logistics Center as a trademark on November 9, 2007. It was officially registered on August 4, 2009. Cornerstone began promoting the city as "Jacksonville: America's Logistics Center "in 2009. Signs are added to the city limits marker located on Interstate 95.
Port of Jacksonville, harbor on the River St. Johns, is a major component of the local economy. About 50,000 jobs in Northeast Florida linked to port and port activities have an economic impact of $ 2.7 billion in Northeast Florida:
The Cecil Trade Center is located at the site of the former Cecil Field Naval Air Station which was closed in 1999 after the 1993 Ruling and Closing (BRAC) decision. Covering an area of ​​22,939 acres (92.83 km 2 ), it is the largest military base in the Jacksonville area. The package contains more than 3% of the total land area in Duval County (17,000 acres (69Ã, km 2 )). An industrial and commercial center-categorized as offering medium to large-size packages for development and offering excellent transport and utility infrastructure and the third-longest runway in Florida.
Media and technology
The Florida Times-Union is the main daily newspaper in Jacksonville and First Coast. Jacksonville.com is the official website. The Financial News & amp; Daily Note is a daily paper focusing on business and legal communities. Weekly papers include Jacksonville Business Journal, an American City Business Journal publication focused on business news, Folio Weekly, the city's weekly alternate head, and The Florida Star. and Jacksonville Free Press , biweekly serving African Americans. Jax4Kids , monthly newspapers, serving the elderly. EU Jacksonville is a monthly entertainment magazine. Metro Jacksonville is an online-only publication.
Jacksonville is the 47th largest local television market in the United States. Despite its large population, Jacksonville has always been a mid-market because the suburbs and the surrounding countryside are not much larger than the city itself. It is served by affiliate networks with major American networks including WTLV 12 (NBC) and its sibling stations WJXX 25 (ABC), WJAX-TV 47 (CBS) and WFOX-TV 30 (Fox; with MyNetworkTV/MeTV on DT2), which operates WJAX-TV under joint sales and service agreements, WJCT 7 (PBS), and WCWJ 17 (CW). WJXT 4, sister station WCWJ, is a former long-time CBS affiliate that changed independently in 2002.
Jacksonville is the 49th largest local radio market in the United States, and is dominated by two major ownership groups that dominate the radio industry throughout the United States: Cox Radio and iHeartMedia. The dominant AM radio station in terms of ratings is WOKV 690AM, which is also the main station for Jacksonville Jaguars. In May 2013, WOKV started simulcasting on 104.5 FM as WOKV FM. There are two radio stations that broadcast contemporary hit format primarily; WAPE 95.1 has dominated this niche for over twenty years, and has recently been challenged by WKSL 97.9 FM (KISS FM). WJBT 93.3 (The Beat) is a hip-hop/R & amp; B, 96.9 The Eagle WJGL operates the Classic Hit format while its WJGL-HD2 HD sub-channel operates the Urban CHR format under the Power 106.1 moniker, WWJK 107.3 is the Adult Variety station. WEZI 102.9 is a gentle contemporary adult station, WXXJ X106.5 is an alternative station, WQIK 99.1 is a state station as well as WGNE-FM 99.9, WCRJ FM 88.1/WSOS-FM 94.1 (The Promise) is a major Contemporary Christian music station operating since 1984, and WJCT 89.9 is a local National Public Radio affiliate. WJKV 90.9 FM is a K-LOVE Media Education Foundation outlet. The NPR and PRX radio show, State of the Re: Union, hosted by poet and playwright Al Letson, is headquartered and produced in Jacksonville.
Military and defense
Jacksonville is home to three naval facilities, and with the nearby Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base making Jacksonville the third largest naval force in the country. Only Norfolk, Virginia, and San Diego, California are bigger. The military is by far the largest company in Jacksonville and its total economic impact is about $ 6.1 billion annually. Some veterans service organizations are also headquartered in Jacksonville including the Wounded Soldiers Project.
Naval Air Station Jacksonville is a military airport located 4 miles (6 km) south of the central business district. About 23,000 civilian personnel and active duties were employed at the base. There are 35 operational units/squadrons assigned there and support facilities including airfields for pilot training, maintenance depots capable of performing almost all tasks, from changing tires to complicated micro-electronics or total engine disassembly. Also in place are the Naval Hospital, Fleet Industrial Supply Center, Naval Family Service Center, and recreational facilities.
Naval Station Mayport is the Navy Ship Base which is the third largest fleet concentration area in Mayport's US operational composition is unique, with a busy port capable of accommodating 34 ships and 8,000 feet (2,400 m) runways capable of handling any aircraft used by the Department of Defense. Until 2007, it was home to the aircraft carrier USSÃ, John F. Kennedy , which the locals called "Big John". In January 2009, the Navy committed to placing nuclear-powered carriers in Mayport when the official Record of Decision was signed. The port will require about $ 500 million in upgrading facilities to support larger vessels, which will take several years to complete. The carrier is projected to arrive in 2019, but the amphibious group was sent before the aircraft carrier.
Blount Island Command is a Marine Corps Logistics Base whose mission is to support the Marine Preparatory Force (MPF) which provides quick personnel deployment to connect with predetermined equipment and inventory starting on ships deployed forward Maritime Preposition Ship (MPS).
USSÃ, Jacksonville , a nuclear-powered submarine Los Angeles -class, is a US Navy ship named for the city. The ship's nickname is The Bold One and Pearl Harbor is the home port.
The Florida Air National Guard is based at Jacksonville International Airport.
Coast Guard Sector Jacksonville is situated on the River St. Johns next to Naval Station Mayport. The Jacksonville sector controls operations from Kings Bay, Georgia, south to Cape Canaveral, Florida. CGC Kingfisher , CGC Maria Bray , and CGC Hammer are placed in Sector. Mayport Station is co-located with the Jacksonville Sector and includes a 25-foot (7.6 m) boat response, and a 47-foot (14 m) motorcycle lifeboat.
Culture
Leisure and entertainment
Throughout the year, many annual events of various kinds are held in Jacksonville. In sport, the annual Gate River Run has been held every year since March 1977. It is a 15km (9.3 million) US National Road race race since 1994 and is the largest race from its distance in the country with more than 13,000 runners, spectators, and volunteers, making it Jackson's biggest sporting event. In college football, Gator Bowl was held on 1 January. This has been continuously held since 1946. Also, the Florida-Georgia game (also known as "The Biggest Outer Feast of the World"), annual football matches between Florida Gators rivals and Georgia Bulldogs have been held in Jacksonville almost every year since 1933. During Six days in July the Jacksonville Kingfish tournament is held for fishermen of all skills. With a $ 500,000 prize up for grabs, up to 1000 boats participated with nearly 30,000 viewers watching. Jacksonville is also home to the River City Pride, the largest Gay Pride parade in Northeast Florida. Parades and celebrations usually take place over the weekend usually the first or second weekend in October in the Riverside neighborhood of Jacksonville. The first pride march was held in 1978.
A number of cultural events are also held in Jacksonville. The Jacksonville Jazz Festival, held in the city center, is the second largest jazz festival in the country, while Springing the Blues , one of the oldest and largest blues festivals, was held in Jacksonville Beach since 1990. The World Celebration of Nations has been held at Metropolitan Park since 1993, and features a number of events, food and souvenirs from various countries.
The Art Walk, the monthly outdoor art festival on the first Wednesday of each month, is sponsored by Downtown Vision, Inc., an organization that works to promote artistic talent and a place on First Coast. Jacksonville is home to many factories and more and more distilleries. Other events include Blessing of the Fleet held in March since 1985 and the Greater Jacksonville Agricultural Fair in November at the Jacksonville Fairgrounds and Exposition Center featuring exhibitions of games, rides, food, entertainment and farms. One Spark is the largest and largest annual crowdfunding event held for creators to showcase their ideas for a chance to win a share of $ 300,000 in funding. The Riverside Arts Market (RAM), an outdoor art and craft market on the Riverwalk, takes place every Saturday from March to December under the Fuller Warren Bridge canopy. Holiday celebrations include Freedom, Fanfare & amp; Fireworks celebration on July 4, lighting the official Christmas tree of Jacksonville at Jacksonville Landing on the day after Thanksgiving and Light Parade Jacksonville ship the next day.
The Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena, which opened in 2003, is a 16,000-seat venue that attracts national entertainment, sporting events and is also home to the Jacksonville Sports Hall of Fame. It replaces the old Jacksonville Coliseum built in 1960 and destroyed on June 26, 2003. The Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens have the second largest collection of animals in the state. The zoo features elephants, lions and jaguars, with an exhibition, Range of the Jaguar , hosted by former owners of Jacksonville Jaguars, Delores and Wayne Weaver. It also has many reptile homes, free flight aviaries, and many other animals. Landing Adventure is an amusement park with locations in Jacksonville and Jacksonville Beach. The Jacksonville Beach location contains Shipwreck Island, just the Duval County waterpark.
The Theater of Jacksonville was held in 1919 as the Little Theater and is one of the oldest continuing community theaters in the United States. The Alhambra Dinner Theater, located in Southside near the University of North Florida, has offered professional productions often starring famous actors since 1967. There are also a number of popular community theaters like Players of the Ocean I'm in Jacksonville Beach. The Murray Hill Arts Center reopened in February 2012 through a partnership of Recreation Park and Jacksonville (JaxParks) and the Jacksonville Art League, a nonprofit dedicated to art education. The center is located in the historic Murray Hill area and offers community art classes as well as shared studio rooms for aspiring artists. Visitors are welcomed throughout the year for events and classes.
Jacksonville has two fully enclosed shopping malls. The oldest is the Regency Square Mall, which opened in 1967 and is located on a former dune in the Arlington area. The other is The Avenues Mall, which opened in 1990 at Southside, at the junction of I-95 and US 1. The Orange Park Mall is another mall located just south of the city on the outskirts of Orange Park, Florida, in Clay County, at outside Blanding Boulevard (State Road 21). The end of the indoor shopping center can be indicated by the opening of The St Johns Town Center in 2005 and the River City Marketplace, on the Northside in 2006. The second is an open air mall, with a mix of similar stores. , but without being contained under one covered roof. According to the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC), only one closed mall has been built in the United States since 2006. The Avenue, Orange Park Mall, and St. The Johns Town Center is all owned by Simon Property Group; The Regency is owned by the General Growth Property; River City Marketplace is owned by Ramco-Gershenson.
Literature, film and television
A number of significant literary works are associated with Jacksonville and the surrounding area. Perhaps the most important of these is James Weldon Johnson. His first success as a writer was the poem "Lift the Voice of Ev'ry and Sing" (1899), arranged by his brother Rosamond to music; The song was unofficially known as the "Negro National Song." Already famous for writing Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), Harriet Beecher Stowe published Palmetto Leaves in 1873. Travel guide and memoir about his winter in the city of Mandarin, Florida, was one of the first guides written about Florida and stimulated the development of Florida's first tourism and housing in the 1880s.
Sun-Ray Cinema, formerly Theater 5 Points and Riverside Theater, opened in 1927. It was the first theater to be equipped to show pictures of speaking in Florida and third nationally. Located in the Five Points section of the city and renamed the Five Points Theater in 1949. The Florida Theater, opened in 1927, is located in downtown Jacksonville and is one of only four remaining high styles. a movie palace built in Florida during the booming architecture of the Mediterranean Revival of the 1920s. Since then, Jacksonville has been selected by a number of movie and television studios for on-site photo shoots. Movie shots that have been taken partly or entirely in Jacksonville since the silent film era include the Black Lagoon (1954), New Pippi Longstocking Adventure (1988),
(1989), GI Jane (1997), The Devil's Advocate (1997), Ride (1998), Why Do Fools Fall In Love (1998)), Natural Forces (1999), Tigerland (2000), Sunshine State 2002), Basic (2003), The Manchurian Candidate (2004), Lonely Hearts (2006), Move McAllister (2007), Year Gets to Know Us (2008), Ramen Girl and Like Dandelion Dust .
Famous television series or films created for portions that have been partially or wholly taken in Jacksonville include Inherit the Wind (1988), Orpheus Descending (1990), Saved by Light <1995>, The Babysitter's Seduction (1996), First Time Felon (1997), Safe Harbor (2009 ), Recount (2008), American Idol (2009), and Ash vs Evil Dead (2015). Museums and art galleries
Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens is an art museum in the Riverside area of ​​Jacksonville. Founded in 1961, after the death of Ninah Mae Holden Cummer, who wants his collection, home, and garden to the museum. The gallery features one of the world's most complete collections of Meissen porcelain as well as a large collection of American, European and Japanese art. The land also contains two hectares of Italian and English gardens which were started by Ninah Cummer.
The Jacksonville Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA Jacksonville) is a contemporary art museum funded and operated as a "cultural resource" of the University of North Florida. Tracing its roots back to the formation of the Jacksonville Art Association in 1924, it opened a 60,000 square foot facility (6,000 m 2 ) next to the Main Library center in 2003. The museum features an eclectic exhibition of permanent and travel and collection more than 700 works.
Museum of Science & amp; History (MOSH), located on the Southbank Riverwalk in the city center, specializes in local science and exhibition history. It features a major exhibit that changes every three months, plus three floors of natural exhibits, an extensive exhibit on the history of Northeast Florida, the area of ​​direct science and the region's only astronomical theater, the Bryan Gooding Planetarium.
Kingsley Plantation is a historic estate built in 1798. Zephaniah Kingsley's cabin house, warehouse, kitchen, and slave are still there.
Alexander Brest, founder of Duval Engineering and Contracting Co., is also a benefactor to Alexander Brest Museum and Gallery on the University of Jacksonville campus. The exhibition is a diverse collection of carved ivory, Pre-Columbian artifacts, Steuben glass, Chinese porcelain and Cloisonnà ©, Tiffany glasses, Boehm porcelain and rotating exhibitions containing works of local, regional, national and international artists.
Three other art galleries are located in educational institutions in the city. Florida State College in Jacksonville has the Kent Gallery on their west campus and the Wilson Center for the Arts on their main campus. The University Gallery is located on the University of North Florida campus.
The Jacksonville Karpeles Manuscript Library Museum is a branch of the world's largest private collection of manuscripts and original documents. The museum in Jacksonville is in a 1921 neoclassical building on the outskirts of town. In addition to displaying documents, there is also an antique book library, with volumes dating from the late 19th century.
The Catherine Street Fire Station building was on the National Register of Historic Places and moved to Metropolitan Park in 1993. It houses the Jacksonville Fire Museum and features 500 artifacts including the hand-oil well 1806.
The LaVilla Museum opened in 1999 and features a permanent display of African-American history. Art exhibitions are changed regularly.
There are also some of the city's historic and interesting properties, including the Klutho Building, the Old Morocco Temple Building, the Palm and Cycad Arboretum, and the Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center, originally built as a Union Station train depot. The Jacksonville Historical Society exhibits two restoration projects: 1887 St Andrews Episcopal Church and 1879 Merrill House, both located near the sports complex.
Music
The Ritz Theater, opened in 1929, is located in LaVilla neighborhood in the northern city of Jacksonville. The musical flow of Jacksonville was active in the 1930s at LaVilla, known as "Harlem of the South". Black musicians from across the country visit Jacksonville to play only in the show room at Ritz Theater and Knights of Pythias Hall. Cab Calloway, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong are some of the emerging legendary players. After his mother died when he was 15 years old, Ray Charles lived with his mother's friends when he played the piano at the Ritz for a year, before moving on to fame and fortune. The Ritz Theater was rebuilt and opened in October 1999.
The native Jacksonville, Pat Boone, is a popular 1950s teen singer and idol. During the 1960s, the Classics IV was the most successful pop rock band from Jacksonville. Southern Rock is defined by the Allman Brothers Band, formed in 1969 in Jacksonville. Lynyrd Skynyrd attained a cult-like status and inspired Blackfoot, Molly Hatchet and.38 Special, all successful in the 1970s. The 1980s was a quiet decade for musical talent in Jacksonville.
The Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts consists of three different spaces: Jim & amp; Jan Moran Theater , the venue for a Broadway show tour; Jacoby Symphony Hall , home of the Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra; and Terry Theater , intended for small shows and recitals. The building was originally established as a Civic Auditorium in 1962 and underwent major renovations and construction in 1996.
The next local group to achieve national success is the nu metal band Limp Bizkit, formed in 1994. Other popular Hip Hop acts in the 1990s included 95 South, 69 Boyz and Quad City DJs. Inspection bands 12, Cold and Yellowcard are also well known and have many followers. After the millennium, Fit For Rivals, Burn Season, Evergreen Terrace, Shinedown, The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, and Black Kids became the famous band from the city.
Sports
Jacksonville is home to a major league sports team, the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). The Jaguars joined the NFL as an expansion team in the 1995 season; they play their home game at TIAA Bank Field. In 2005, Jacksonville hosted the Super Bowl XXXIX. The PGA Tour, which hosts major professional golf tournaments in the US, is headquartered on the outskirts of Ponte Vedra Beach, the venue of The Players Championship every year.
Jacksonville is also home to some small league level teams. The Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp, the Double-A class baseball team, has been playing in Jacksonville continuously since 1970, longer than any other Double-A team in town, and is the best-selling franchise in the Southern League. The Jacksonville Sharks, who started playing in 2010, is the champion of Arena Football League ArenaBowl XXIV in 2011 and is now playing at the National Arena League. The Jacksonville Axemen is a semi-professional rugby league team founded in 2006, and is now playing in the USA Rugby League. The Jacksonville Giants basketball team began playing at the new American Basketball Association in December 2010. The Giants won the 2012 ABA Championship in March 2012 in Tampa, Florida. The Jacksonville Fleet FC is a football team that started playing in the North American Football League (NASL) in 2015.
College sports, especially college football, popular in Jacksonville. The city hosts the Florida-Georgia match, an annual soccer match between the University of Florida and the University of Georgia and the TaxSlayer Gator Bowl, a post-season campus soccer cup game. Two Jacksonville universities compete in NCAA Division I: University of North Florida Ospreys and University Jacksonville Dolphins, both at the Atlantic Atlantic Conference.
Government and politics
Government
The most important feature of the Jacksonville government is its consolidated nature, the arrangements brought in the 1968 Consolidation of Jacksonville. The Duval County-Jacksonville Consolidation eliminates all sorts of separate district executives or legislatives, and replaces these positions with the Mayor of Jacksonville and the City Council of Jacksonville City, respectively. Because of this, voters living outside the city limits of Jacksonville but inside Duval County are allowed to vote in the election for this position and run for them. In fact, in 1995, John Delaney, a resident of Neptune Beach, was elected mayor of the city of Jacksonville.
Jacksonville is organized under the city charter and provides a form of "strong" mayoral council from the city government. The Mayor of Jacksonville was elected for a four-year term and serves as the chief executive branch of the government. The Jacksonville City Council consists of nineteen members, fourteen representing the electoral district and five more in the big seats. The mayor oversees most of the city's departments, although some are independent or
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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