James Rodney Richard (born March 7, 1950) is a former American pitcher, right hand, former Major League Baseball who played his entire career, from 1971 to 1980, with Houston Astros.
After leaving high school, Richard was chosen by Astros as a second choice in the first half of the 1969 amateur draft. From the moment he made his major league debut with Astros in 1971 to 1975, Richard had a limited role as Astros pitcher, throwing no more than 72 innings in a single season. In 1975, Richard played his first full season in the majors as an early pitcher.
From 1976 to 1980, he was one of the major pitchers in the majors, leading the National League twice in strikeout, once in the run average, and three times in a permitted hit of nine innings, winning at least 18 games between 1976 and 1979. On July 30, 1980, Richard suffered a stroke and collapsed while playing games before the Astros game, and was rushed to the hospital for emergency surgery to remove a life-threatening blood clot around his neck. His condition brought a sudden end to his premier league career at the age of 30. His 313 strikeout in 1979 remains Astros's franchise record, and he holds a team record for career deployment (1.493) through 1987. Twice National League MVPs Johnny Bench and Dale Murphy both refer to Richard as the toughest pitcher they have ever faced.
In 1981, Richard tried his comeback with Astros, but this failed because the stroke had slowed down his reaction time and weakened his depth perception. He spent the next few seasons in the minor league before being released by Astros in 1984. After his professional baseball career ended, Richard became involved in failed business transactions and experienced two divorces, which led to him being homeless and poor in 1994. Richard found help at a local church and later became a Christian priest.
Video J. R. Richard
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Richard was born to Clayton and Lizzie ( nÃÆ' Â © e Frost) Richard in Vienna, Louisiana and became famous both in baseball and basketball historically black and since Lincoln High School is closed near Ruston. By the time he became a high school student, Richard stood 6 feet 8 inches (2.03 m) tall and weighed 220 pounds (99.8 kg, 15.7 st). That year, he was one of the earliest throwers to Lincoln High School and did not admit to run for the whole season. In one game Richard hit four home runs in a row while throwing his team to a 48-0 victory against his local rival, Jackson High School Jonesboro. Richard, whose baseball idol is the pitcher St. Louis Cardinals, Bob Gibson, never lost the game he started in his high school career.
After graduating from high school, he turned down more than 200 basketball scholarships to sign with Houston Astros. The Astros will then pick him with a second overall pick in the 1969 amateur baseball draft, behind the election of Washington Senator Jeff Burroughs. Richard then remembered, "There are others in my school with as much ability as I have, but instead of working at a job, they want to drink wine on Saturday night They think it's the thing to do, and as a result our lives move to different directions, for some people needed to make the world, it's not for me. "
Maps J. R. Richard
Initial minor league career
After Astros compiled Richard, they sent him to play for Covington Astros, a beginner-level minor league baseball team in the Appalachian League. Richard started 12 games for Covington, finishing with five wins and four defeats. Despite collecting an average of 11.41 strikeouts per nine innings, Richard had trouble throughout the season with his mechanics and pitch controls. In 56 innings, Richard attacked 71 batters but walked 52 and gave up 41 runs, resulting in an average run of an average of 6.59.
The following year, at the age of 20, Richard was promoted to Cocoa Astros from the Florida State League in the minor A-minor baseball league. Richard re-composed a low hit per nine innings (H/9IP) ratio by giving up just 67 hits at 109 pitched inning numbers. Despite a 4-11 win-lose record, Richard finished the season with a 2.39 ERA and even threw-no-hitters against Daytona Beach Dodgers. During the season, Richard was able to throw an accurate fastball that sometimes exceeded 100 miles per hour, and his slider was 93 miles per hour, faster than most of the major league pitchers. During the 1970-1971 season, Astros once again promoted Richard: this time for the AAA Classroom baseball, one step below the major leagues, with Oklahoma City 89ers from the now defunct American Association. Richard wore the number 50 and saved that number for the rest of the league and major league careers. Richard started all but one of the matches he did that season. He posted eight full matches and led the league with 202 strikeouts in 173 innings. He ended the season with twelve wins and seven losses before being called up by the Houston Astros.
Beginning of major league career
season 1971
Richard entered Major League Baseball with Astros in 1971 as a September call. On September 5, Richard made his premier league debut at the age of 21, in the second game of a doubleheader against the San Francisco Giants. Richard used his fastball-slider combination to clinch victory and tie up a 17-year-old Karl Spooner league record for attacking 15 batters in his first major league. Richard was charged with two runs received and seven strokes in Astros 5-3 victory but attacked Willie Mays and Dick Dietz three times.
Richard made his next start, after a five-day break, against the Cincinnati Reds, who would then finish the NL West season in a tie for fourth place with Astros. Richard gave up on an early home run for Pete Rose in the first inning and put five innings out of two hits, one-run game. He attacked five batteries but walked six. Richard struggled in the next two steps. In the Sept. 16 match against rivals Astros division, third place Atlanta Braves, Richard scored seven innings and surrendered four times on seven attacks. He attacked nine batters and even attacked the side at the first inning but also walked four batters. Furthermore, he threw two wild throws in the first and fifth rounds. In his final game of the season, against the Giants, Richard was replaced at the first inning after throwing just four batters.
Sign in and out of minors
Over the next few seasons, Richard split his time between minors and majors and did not become a regular starter with Astros until 1975. After a "cup of coffee" with Astros in 1971, Richard was sent back to the AAA Classroom baseball to work on the field with Oklahoma City 89ers for the 1972 season. He started 19 games with 89ers before being called back to Astros. In a Triple-A Baseball at the American Association, Richard finished with 10 wins and eight losses in the work round. His ERA 3.02 was slightly higher than the previous season, but he maintained around the same road per nine ratio of the round (BB/9IP) he had a year earlier. He recorded six complete games and finished with 169 strikeouts, for a ratio of 11.88 strikeouts per 9 innings. Richard re-entered the majors, starting the day's game of a night doubleheader for Astros against San Diego Padres on 30 July 1972. He fought and took 10-7 losses. Richard did not swing again until two weeks later, when he entered in a favor for Ken Forsch in the fifth inning to keep the Giants confined to a one-run lead. In two rounds of relief, Richard surrendered a single punch, hitting three batters and collecting victory. In his last two appearances of the season, Richard handed him five wins in just one run. He finished the season with 13.50 ERA in just six rounds and was once again sent back to Triple-A, this time with the Astros-affiliated Denver Bears.
Richard started eight games with Bear in 1973 and posted the worst-career minor league in the ERA and the hit allowed nine innings. Despite his poor performance with the Bears, Richard was once again called by Astros. Richard entered in the fourth inning of the June 16th game against St. Louis Cardinals and his idol Bob Gibson. He installed four single-ball and three innings of a two-hit game at the next aid outing. After that, Astros put Richard in an early rotation, and he made his first major league starting since July 30 of the previous year. He put up six solid innings from a one-run ballgame and struck six while walking three batters. Richard will make his next start four days later. Richard again scored more than six innings but did not get a decision after Astros' bullpen gave nine runs over the top of the ninth inning.
After starting the July 4 match against Braves (which he won), Richard was sent to the bullpen to add Tom Griffin into Astros' initial rotation. He made three relieved appearances against the Montreal Expos before starting the game against the Los Angeles Dodgers on 27 July. Four days later, Richard made his first shutout against Dodgers, where he surrendered just five strokes and attacked nine batteries. Nineteen days later, Richard showed another full match, this time giving up two runs while posting nine and running three batteries. He ended the season with six wins and two defeats in 16 games total, 10 of which he started. He finished with 4.00 ERA, and hit 75 batters in 72 innings. He runs 38 batters, giving him a 4.75 running ratio per nine innings, which is lower than the ratio he had in two previous minor league seasons.
Despite his improved performance in the 1973 season, Richard was sent to work on the mechanics and control of the ball in the A-Class baseball with Columbus Astros of the Southern League. He started 13 matches with Columbus before being transferred back to Class-AAA with the Denver Bears. In four starts with Bear, Richard threw three shutouts and pitched 33 goalless rounds with a 4-0 record and 26 strikeouts. He was called back to the majors on 13 July and stayed with Astros for the rest of the season. He first installed 14 baseball stages in six appearances of relief before being placed on an early rotation. He then started in all the nine games he held for the rest of the season. Richard finished with 4.18 ERA in over 64 rounds during his 15 pitching appearances he made during the season.
Although Richard's statistics show he was bouncing between Houston and minors for his first four years with Astros due to his wildness, he often told reporters that racism played a role in preventing him from becoming a regular with big clubs faster.
Mainstay with Astros
Outside of the season, Astros begins to throw Claude Osteen pitchers into the Cardinals, and loses the pitch of ace Don Wilson, who died of carbon monoxide poisoning at the age of 29 on January 5, 1975. As a result, Richard entered the 1975 season as the third starter of the throwing rotation of Astros, at behind veterans Larry Dierker and Dave Roberts. Richard is scheduled to start on April 9 against Braves. He was ejected from the game on the fifth inning after jamming his feet in the first bag but not giving up at the start. Richard continued to show wildness, as shown when he pulled out eight games at the start of the third and fourth season. He was followed by winning the full game against San Diego Padres on 29 April. Early on, he runs eleven victors in just six rounds of pitching and also surrendered seven times in a 12-8 Astros win over the Giants. With an All-Star break, Richard has six wins and four losses with 4.93 ERAs in over 98 rounds of work.
In the August 10 game against the Pittsburgh Pirates, Richard produced just one punch in six innings but walked 10 strokes. He rebounded with a full-game shutout against the New York Mets eight days later. Richard ended the season on a strong note by winning three of his last four starts, including his last two games against Dodgers. He finished the year with a 12-10 record for Astros, who finished with a record of 64-97 worst franchises. Richard is the only beginner at Astros who has a winning record for this season. He leads the team with 176 strikeouts, which is also the fifth highest in the National League. Richard also leads the league on the way allowed and throwing wild throws, with 138 and 20, respectively.
Breakout Season
Richard entered the 1976 season as a pitching staff and took over from Larry Dierker as the opening day star for Astros. At the start of his first season, Richard surrendered four times in four rounds against the defending World Series champion Cincinnati Reds on 8 April. He followed this unfortunate start with victory in five of the next six decisions. One of them included a 10-inning closing effort that led to Astros's 1-0 innings victory against Dodgers. However, by the end of May, Richard sat down even with a 5-5 record, losing to four straight decisions. He closed the first half of the season by winning a 10-inning shutout against the Mets on July 6, and eight innings start against Expos four days later. At the All-Star break, Richard has a 9-9 record with 2.88 ERAs in over 153 innings. From July 10 to August 31, Richard collected eight complete matches, including one shutout, and he improved his record from 9-9 to 16-13. He installed 98 innings and produced only 22 runs received, which gave him ERA 2.02 over a span of 50 days. On August 26, Richard hit his first home run of the season during the second inning of the game. In his final game of the season on October 2, Richard played a complete match with a 13-strikeout, and he also hit a home run twice in the sixth inning.
Richard finished the season with a record of 20-15, 14 complete games, three shutouts, and 214 strikeouts in 291 rounds of work. At the age of 26, Richard became the second pitcher in the history of Astros (after Dierker in 1969) to record 20 wins in a single season, tying him to fourth in the NL that year. Richard also became the ninth member of Black Aces, an organization founded by Mudcat Grant consisting of all African American pitchers who have won at least 20 major league games in a single season. He was named the Most Valuable Player of Astros by Houston chapter of the American Baseball Writers Association (BBWAA). Richard finished 17th in the MVP Award and the seventh in the NL Cy Young Award voting. His 2.75 ERA is the seventh best among the early pitchers of the league, and he holds a hitter to an average of 0.212 batting. He leads the league in the lowest number of hits allowed per nine innings and in walk is allowed; Richard also finished the second season on encountered batters, pitched inning and the game started. In addition, he leads all NL pitchers with 14 hits, two home runs, and a nine run hit as a bat. However, during this year he made ten mistakes and finished with a fielding percentage of 0.853, almost 0.100 lower than the league average.
Middle of the year
season 1977
Richard started the 1977 season with a high record with a nine-inning, seven-strikeout appearance on April 8 against Braves. He incised seven wins in the game in the first half of the season. With an All-Star break, Richard has nine wins and six losses in over 160 rounds of work, accompanied by strikeouts 119 and ERA 2.69. Although Richard fought through July and early August, he managed to swim three full games (including two shutouts) in five starts from 27 August to 17 September. He has 11 and 10 strikeouts each in the two end starts from about 20-day reach out.
Richard closed the season with two full games, the first against Braves on 27 September, and the second against Dodgers on 2 October. He has 14 strikeout seasons in his last start, which tie the sign of Steve Carlton's high season.. Richard ended the season on a high note by winning nine of his last twelve decisions. At the end of the season, he leads the pitching staff of Astros in victory, starting, full game, round, pitched, running and strikeout. He has 18 wins and 12 losses in 267 innings and recorded 2.97 ERAs and 214 strikeouts. For the first time since becoming a permanent member of Astros' initial rotation, Richard is not a league leader on the permitted path, but as he did in 1976, he leads the league on a wild field. He finished fourth in the league with 13 complete matches, and he improved his game from the previous season by going through a season without error.
Richard hit well for pitchers, going 20-for-87 in a season with two triples, two home runs and seven runs broken. After the season finished, Richard underwent an emergency appendicectomy on October 26, 1977 at the Houston hospital. He spends most of the season working at Houston Astrodome and, for relaxation, fishing. In early 1978, he was a participant in the ABC Superstars all-around sports competition.
Year of record
Richard entered the 1978 season as Astros Opening Day starter. In the first game of the season, he surrendered seven times on 11 strokes and only made it into the fifth round before being replaced with a defeat at the Cincinnati Reds. He recovers from defeat by playing a full two-hit game in the next game against Dodgers. In the eight period from April 26 to June 4, Richard threw six complete games, including two back-to-back shutouts, and lowered the ERA from 4.15 to 3.05. He attacked 67 and gave up just 39 hits in a total of 63 innings he threw. On June 9 starting against the Cardinals, Richard attacked 12 batters but also walked six and gave up five runs. At the end of the first half of the season, Richard has played back-to-back with nine and 12 appearances, against the Reds and Dodgers. At the All-Star break, he has a record of 8-9 with 3.49 ERA but also has 157 strikeouts in 139 rounds of work.
After the break, Richard performed an 11-inning, 10-strikeout game against Expos and followed by two full games and another nine-inning performance in the game that went into extra rounds. He was voted National League Pitcher of the Month after a perfect 4-0 with 1.29 ERA and 58 strikeouts in 56 rounds during July. Throughout August, the ERA season drifts below 3.00, and he's on average better than strikeout per inning. On August 21, in an 8-3 victory over the Chicago Cubs, he broke the record for Don Wilson's 1969 club in the 235s. In the last two months of the season, Richard's printing averages increased dramatically, and he struck two points from three strokes in three of his last five starts. In his third-to-last start, Richard broke NL Tom Seaver's record of 290 strikeouts by a tennis player when he hit Bob Horner. In his final trip of the season, Richard reached the 300-Achieve Peak by attacking the Rowland Office in the September 28 victory over Braves. He also hit his seventh career home run, making him an Astros career leader at home run by pitchers. At the time, he became only the tenth pitcher, the third National League and the first NL right hand in history to attack over 300 batters in a single season.
Richard finished the season with 18 wins, 11 losses and 3.11 ERA. He leads the team's pitching staff in pitched inning, start, full game, shutouts, allowed hits, gained runs, walk allowed and strikeout. He holds the dough up to an average of 0.156 batting at home and averages 0.196 overall, which is the lowest in NL. Richard again fared well on the field, finishing with three errors and a fielding percentage of 0.957, slightly higher than the.950 average league. She finished fourth in the Cy Young Award, behind Gaylord Perry, Burt Hooton and Vida Blue. He finished in the league in a strikeout of nine innings (9.90), the fewest hits allowed per nine innings (6.28), runs (141), and wild pitch (16).
1979 seasons
In his second match of the 1979 season, Richard made a modern record of throwing six wild throws in a single game against the Dodgers. Nonetheless, he finished the match with a 13-stroke performance in a 2-1 Astros win. He won his first four races of the season but the victory was followed by four defeats. He continued to collect strikeouts and eventually started walking a little less on average, indicating greater control over his throw. Richard equalized his record with seven wins and seven defeats by throwing a complete three-hit shutout game against Padres on 30 June. With an All-Star break, Richard has 7 wins, 10 losses, a run average of 3.52 and 158 strikeouts of just over 157 innings. On July 25, his record reached eight wins and 11 defeats, but after he incised nine games intact (including two-hits and three-hit shutouts on August 27 and September 6, respectively) until 6 September and worked 86 innings in a row without the need for a relief thrower, who set Astros's club record, it was clear that he was winning in a row. On September 21, in a match against the Reds, he pitched 11 innings and matched the career heights of 15 strikeouts, which he also achieved at the start of the season on Aug. 3 in a game against Braves. He closed the season against Dodgers by winning his 11th straight game against the team, with his last defeat occurred on June 23, 1976. He was honored as the National League Pitcher of the Month for September after going 4-1 with 1.24 ERA, four complete games, two shutouts , and 69 strikeouts in 53 rounds that lasted during stretching.
He finished the season with a record 18-13 and the best league 2.71 ERA. He hit 10 or more batters 14 times this season, and reached 313 strikeout leagues for the season, breaking his own club record. Richard joins Nolan Ryan and Sandy Koufax as the only modern pitchers to attack over 300 batters in successive seasons. He leads the club at ERA, a full game and a pitched round and ties Joe Niekro in a number of games starting. He surrendered 220 hits in this season, which gave him the best league of 6.77 hits per nine inning ratio. He once again leads the league by limiting the average batting hitting opponent to.209 that year. Richard finished fifth in an allowable league, with his first sub-100 total since he became a starter with Astros. He also leads the league with 9.64 strikeouts per nine inning ratio. Richard finished 19th in the National League MVP Award voting and third in the Cy Young Award, behind winner Bruce Sutter and teammate Joe Niekro, who has 21 wins and 3.00 ERA that season. Richard fared worse in hitting and breezing, finishing with an average of 0.126 batting and a.902 agile percentage and five errors. On October 11, Richard signed a four-year contract with Astros.
1980 season and stroke
Now Richard is among the best pitchers in baseball. When asked in 2012 which is "the heaviest pitcher to get hit from" during his career, Dale Murphy replied "Anyone who plays in the late 70s or early 80s might give you the same answer: JR Richard". In 1980, Richard was now working with seven-time American League champion Nolan Ryan, who joined Astros as a free agent. During the first half of the season, Richard was completely impenetrable, starting the year with five straight wins, 48 ​​strikeouts (including two starting with 12 and 13 strikeouts), and a sub-2.00 ERA. He was named the National League of Pitchers of the Month for April. At one point, Richard threw three complete games, two against the Giants and one against the Cubs. On July 3, he broke the Dierker team record of 1487 career strikeouts in a 5-3 win over Braves; it was Richard's last big league victory. After completing the first half of the season with a 10-4 record, 115 strikeouts and 1.96 ERAs, Richard was elected pitcher of the National League on All-Star Game on July 8, but he only twice rolled for back and shoulder problems. As the season progressed, Richard began complaining about his "dead arm", citing discomfort in his shoulders and forearms. His worries fall on deaf ears. Some in the media even interpret this complaint as a whimper or feign sick, citing Richard's reputation for gloom. Others hypothesized that Richard was selfish and could not handle the throwing pressure for Astros, while others suggested he was jealous of Ryan's $ 4.5 million contract.
During the next start on July 14 against the Braves, Richard darted well and even struck the side in the second inning, but had trouble seeing the signs of Alan Ashby's catcher and also having trouble moving his arm. He left the game in the fourth inning after throwing a fastball and felt his right arm "die". He numbed in the fingers of his right hand and could not hold a baseball. Astros put Richard on the 21 day defect list. Apparently, that would be his last big league game.
Nine days later, he entered the Methodist Hospital in Houston for a series of physical and psychological tests to determine the cause of his mysterious arm problem. Angiogram shows the presence of obstruction in the distal subclavian and axillary arteries of the right arm. Richard's blood pressure in his left arm was normal but the pressure was almost nonexistent in his right arm because the artery was completely obstructed. However, on July 25, the artery around his neck was studied, and the doctors reached the conclusion that everything was normal and no surgical treatment needed to be done.
On July 30, Richard went to see a chiropractor who twisted his neck to improve blood flow in the upper part of his body. Later that day, Richard participated in a warm-up before the game when he suffered a major stroke and fainted off the field. Prior to a stroke, he experienced headaches and feelings of weakness all over his body. Eventually, it develops into vision problems and paralysis on the left side of his body. The big blockage in his right carotid artery required an emergency operation that night. The examination by neurologist William S. Fields shows that Richard is still experiencing weakness in his extremities and on the left side of his face. He also has blurred vision through his left eye. The CAT scan of Richard's brain then shows that Richard has experienced three separate strokes from different barriers in the arterial system. Furthermore, the artery in his right arm is still blocked. Subsequent examination showed that Richard had extensive arterial outlet syndrome. When throwing, the clavicle and rib first pinch the subclavian artery. As a result of this problem, Richard will feel normal for some first-half of the game but after putting repeated pressure on his subclavian artery, his arms will start to hurt in pain and eventually start to feel "heavy". His wife at the time, Carolyn, told reporters, "It takes death, or almost death, to get an apology, they should believe it."
Richard underwent rehab and missed the rest of the season. Meanwhile, Astros recovered from the loss of one of their staff ace and qualified for the playoffs for the first time in the club's 18-year history.
Comeback attempt
In 1981, Richard underwent a rehabilitation program in order to recover from the effects of stroke. He trained with Astros and the Texas Southern University team, participating regularly in pitching and batting exercises with both towards the end of the baseball season. After throwing some simulation games, Richard was placed on the active list of 40 people on September 1, 1981. Astros manager Bill Virdon thought that Richard was not ready to return, so Richard did not perform with the team during the last two months of the season.
The following year, Richard appeared in a spring training match and then went to an extended spring training course in Sarasota, Florida, for the first two months of the season. There he registered three wins and two losses and the 3.38 ERA in seven starts with thirty two innings total. After that, he joined the major league rehab program with Daytona Beach Astros of the Florida State League. In its six beginnings, Richard scored three wins, two complete games, and posted a 2.79 ERA. He was later promoted to Triple-A baseball with Tucson Toros from the Pacific Coast League. He struggled to control the ball, admitting a large number of running into the opposing team. He lost on Aug. 12 against the Phoenix Giants and on August 27 against Salt Lake City Gulls in a 13-0 defeat. The longest running as a starter - more than five innings - is an appearance against the Giants in the final game of the season on September 1st. He then joins the long list of Astros but does not play in every game.
In 1983, Richard began to complain of pain in his left calf. The synthetic transplant included in his July 1980 operation has been closed, which means that he needs a bypass operation on his left leg. Richard was given a free agency by Astros on November 7, 1983, but Astros still had confidence in him, so he was re-signed on 17 February the following year. Just a little over two months later, he was released by Astros, ending his baseball career. Although the recovery is almost complete, the risk of future complications is so great that she never pitched again. His last league record was 107-71, with 1,493 strikeouts and 3.15 ERAs in 238 games and 1,606 innings. Nolan Ryan broke his Astros record for career deployment in 1987.
Career statistics
- * = Led NL
- = Top 10 in the National League
- ? = Selected to All-Star Team
- ** = Top 10 in the Cy Young Award voting
- ? = Top 10 in MVP votes
Sumber:
Setelah baseball
After his professional baseball career ended, Richard returned to Louisiana and invested in several businesses. He was the victim of an oil business scam, losing more than $ 300,000 in the deal. A few years later, Richard paid $ 669,000 in a divorce settlement with his ex-wife, Carolyn. She married and divorced again, lost her home in the suburbs of Houston and most of her money. In 1989, Richard was recruited into the Senior Professional Baseball Association and played for Orlando Juice but was cut from the team in a pre-season game. In the winter of 1994, Richard was homeless and poor and lives under a flyover in Houston.
In 1995, Richard qualified for his retirement from Major League Baseball. He played in the Old-Timers' Day game with Astros in the same year. In the months that followed, after spending many nights under the Highway 59 highway at Beechnut Road in Houston, he turned to the Church of the Covenant Now and sought the help of his pastor, Reverend Floyd Lewis. Richard overcame his tunism by working with this minister, believing that he "always knew God was on his side". Richard started working at an asphalt company and then returned to the church as minister.
Richard became involved in the Houston community, working with local financial donors to help create a baseball program for children. The 2005 Little Budget Movie, The Resurrection: The J. R. Richard Story , describes Richard's baseball career and also his life after baseball. Along with former major league Dick Allen, Jim Grant (baseball), Kenny Lofton, and Eddie Murray, Richard is honored by the Negro League Baseball Museum as a 2018 member of the "Hall of Game."
See also
- List of Major League Baseball annual ERA Leaders
- List Leaders Reject Major League Baseball Groups
- List of Major League Baseball players who spend their entire career with one franchise
Note
References
- Goodman, Michael E. (2002). History of Astros Houston . Mankato, Minnesota: Creative Education. ISBNÃ, 1-58341-210-7. OCLCÃ, 48131751 < span>
- Klawans, Harold L. (1996). Why Michael Can not Beat: And Other Stories Of Sports Neurology . New York: W. H. Freeman. ISBNÃ, 0-7167-3001-4. OCLCÃ, 34984097
- Porter, David L. (2000). Dictionary of American Sports Biography . Boston: Greenwood Press. ISBNÃ, 0-313-31176-5. OCLCÃ, 41017334
- Robbins, Mike (2004). Nineteen Feet of Fame: Close Call With Divine Eternity . New York: Carroll & amp; Graph Publisher. ISBN 0-7867-1335-6. OCLCÃ, 54758080
External links
- Career and player information statistics from Baseball-References, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube
- Retrosheet: J. R. Richard
- BaseballLibraryÃ, - biography and career spotlight
- Sports News - J.R Richard Tragedy: A rarely told story - August 1999 story
- AstrosDaily.com
- CBN.com - J. R. Richard: When Bottom Falls Out - August 2005 story
- Astros forget one of their legends by ESPN Jeffmanman
- Facebook Fanpage and campaign to stop the JR number administered by NJMAX.com's Lary Lapczynski
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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