Childcare , otherwise known as child care , is the care and supervision of a child or multiple children at the same time. Age ranges from six weeks to age thirteen. Child care is the act or skill of caring for children by child care centers, nannies, nannies, teachers or other providers. Childcare is a broad topic that covers a wide spectrum of professionals, institutions, contexts, activities, social and cultural conventions. Early child care is an important and often overlooked component of child development. Child care providers can be the first teachers for our children, and therefore play an integral role in our early childhood education system. Quality care from a young age can have a major impact on the future success of children. The main focus of parenting is on the development of the child, whether it is mental, social, or psychological.
In most cases, children are cared for by their parents, legal guardians, or siblings. In some cases, it also appears that children take care of other children. These informal treatments include verbal referrals and other explicit training on child behavior, and are often as simple as "watching out" for younger siblings. Treatments that are facilitated by children of the same age include various developmental and psychological impacts both on caregivers and costs. This is because their mental development is in certain cases that can not progress as they should at their age. The role of this treatment can also be taken by the child's extended family. Another form of parenting that increases in contrast to family caring is child-centered parenting. In lieu of providing family care, this responsibility can be given to carers, orphanages, or orphanages that are maintained to provide care, housing, and schooling.
Caregiver professionals work in the context of central-based care (including creches, daycare, preschool and school) or home-based care (nannies or family care). The majority of available childcare institutions require childcare providers to have extensive training in first aid and CPR certified. In addition, background checks, drug testing at all centers, and reference verification are usually a requirement. Child care can consist of an advanced learning environment that includes early childhood education or basic education. "The goal of the daily activities program should be to encourage the development of additional developments in a healthy and safe environment and be flexible to capture the interests of children and the individual abilities of children." In many cases, the right childcare provider is a teacher or person with an educational background in child development, which requires more focused training in addition to the typical core skills typical of a nanny.
In addition to this licensed option, parents may also choose to seek their own caregiver or arrange for childcare/swap exchange with other families.
Video Child care
Jenis
Di rumah anak
At home, care is usually provided by a nanny, au pair, or friends and family. The boy is being watched inside their own home that can expose them to out of children and sickness. Depending on the number of children at home, children who use home care can enjoy great interactions with their caregivers, in turn forming close ties. No license is required or background checks for home care, making parental awareness important in choosing the right caregiver. Caregiver and au-pair services provide certified nannies and home care costs are the highest of childcare options per child, although households with multiple children may find this the most convenient and affordable option. Many caregivers learn to qualify for childcare. This means they are trained to create a safe and stimulating environment for your child to enjoy and develop. Typically, au pairs or nannies provide more than routine childcare, often providing assistance with daily household activities that include performing tasks, shopping, washing clothes, fixing food, and cleaning the house.
The most common way now to find a caregiver is through a child care/care website or a nanny agency. The caregiver's agency will thoroughly review the applicant's reference and run a criminal background check against a successful candidate. Having a nanny can be cheaper than placing many children in a full day care arrangement. Nanny can provide stability for children who get role models in their lives. Carers often work overtime and take care of children, providing less pressure for late parents without excessive late fees. They also care for sick children whereas the nursery does not. This allows parents to continue working normally without being distracted. All caregivers have first aid and background checks examined by the agent or family itself. They may be subject to visits from local parenting agencies. Children with caregivers can also be well socialized because caregivers can take them out and attend more playmates.
At home provider
Family care providers care for children in the provider's home. Children can be in mixed age groups with low adult and child ratios. Treatment is also potentially personalized and individualized. Watches may be more flexible and providers may offer weekend and night care for shift-working parents. Costs in family parenting can be much lower than the average of the center.
Childcare facilities in the US have the option to become accredited. This standard is defined and governed by an outside agency. In centers, the National Association for Youth Education instituted it. For family-care providers, the National Child Care Providers Association rewards.
A licensed or unlicensed daycare house is also referred to as family child care, or home care. This refers to the care given to a group of children in a caregiver's home. Country law differs on rules for licensed versus unlicensed care. In Canada, most home daycares are not licensed, and this is completely legal by law. Protecting home daycare in Canada can be very helpful in surveillance, but at the expense of most childcare payouts. The child's family's attention is small in size and gives families the same securities as daycare centers, and also has the benefits of flexible hours, lower costs, accessibility, and cultural compatibility. Home-based providers can provide more individualized care and therefore better meet the needs of working families. In addition, family care generally has a small childcare ratio in care, enabling more interaction between the child and the provider than would be in a commercial care center. Family care helps to foster an emotionally safe interpersonal relationship for everyone involved. Service providers can communicate daily with parents on a personal level and share information about child development. The care providers for children's multi-aged groups allow children to stay with one caregiver for many years that helps children develop trust and security. The multi-age setting allows children to learn from each other and enable the brothers to stay together. Some family care providers may offer more flexibility to parents with hours of operation such as nights, weekends, overnight, and before and after school care. In the United States, some family care providers work with companies such as Wonderschool, for assistance in licensing, operations, marketing, and administrative support.
Child-centered parenting
In childcare centers, teachers focus on the physical and mental development of their students. To have a better understanding of students, teachers at the center should combine relationships with their students that benefit their wants and needs while driving them toward higher values. This type of teaching with caring relationships will enhance students' moral and incidental learning.
Commercial care centers are also known as open daycares for defined hours, and provide standardized and arranged care systems for children. Parents can choose from commercial care centers close to their jobs, and some companies may even offer care at their facilities. A form in which parents choose childcare facilities can be based on their mission statement and goals they deem need to be addressed. Center-based childcare centers should have their missions written and include one of the major components of health promotion. These goals should be established for the needs of each child and may change from one to another. Child care providers should see how these goals are most appropriate for children and to improve case-by-case according to their specific needs. In organizing activities for these purposes, both indoor and outdoor activities must be taken into account. The child must have experience that takes part in all different forms. This can then lead to discussions between parents and caregivers. Parents tend to give their input to what they consider necessary when the needs of their children may be different. Parents can communicate with the staff of this facility because workers who speak the same original language or preference language should be available for this conversation.
The quality of child-centered parenting can greatly affect children and their overall development. Recent studies show that children in lower classrooms view activities as forced while high school children have a more impressive experience. Although this is the case between high class and lower classrooms, other aspects such as children's background and life situations can play an important role in their development. Active children can thrive in educational activities provided by qualified commercial care centers, but according to the National Center for Early Learning and Development, children from low-quality centers may be significantly less advanced in vocabulary and reading skills. The class is usually the largest in this type of treatment, the ratio of children to adult caregivers will vary according to the state licensing requirements. Some of the positive aspects of commercial care are that children can gain a sense of independence, academic achievement, and socialization. Not only is this age important for the improvement of their social skills, but also begins the stage of understanding the classroom setting. Child care is seen as a sensible choice because it is different from parenting, as it can be seen more as a routine for the child. This in turn will only have a negative impact on the child if the parent does them for the emotional needs of the child. Children are placed into centers of socialization and learn many similarities and differences from one another from a very young age. Children are also placed into settings to develop their linguistic and cognitive abilities, which can be measured through observation. Not only is this age important for the improvement of their social skills, but also begins the stage of understanding the classroom setting. The early age of the child's life is very important or will have a negative impact on their future path.
Pre-schooling is often a term used to refer to child-care centers that primarily care for children aged 3 and 4 years. Preschool may be based in the center, orphanage of a family or a public school. Older children, in turn, in most countries are cared for in an educational setting, usually the primary school environment. Children are supervised by a teacher throughout the day, who is responsible for their physical, intellectual, emotional and social development. In this case, most western countries have compulsory education in which most children in school start from five or six years. School will act in loco parentis which means "in lieu of parental supervision." In many places, governments are responsible for monitoring the quality of care.
Staff
For all providers, the biggest cost is labor. In the 1999 Canadian survey of formal childcare centers, labor accounted for 63% of the cost and the industry had an average profit of 5.3%. Given the labor-intensive nature of the industry, it is not surprising that the same survey shows small economies of scale between larger and smaller operators.
Local legislation may govern the operation of a child care center, which affects employment requirements. The law may require staffing ratios (eg 6 weeks to 12 months, 1: 4, 12 months to 18 months, 1: 5, 18 months to 24 months, 1: 9, et and higher ratios for older children). Legislation may mandate supervisor qualifications. Staff usually do not require any qualifications but staff under the age of eighteen may require oversight. Usually, once a child reaches the age of twelve, they are no longer covered by childcare laws and programs for older children may not be regulated.
In Canada, labor is dominated by women (95%) and low wages, on average only 60% of the average worker's wage. Many employees with local minimum wages and are usually paid per hour rather than paid. In the United States, "childcare worker" is the dominant occupation of women (95.5% of women in 1999). In the US, staffing requirements vary from state to state.
Non-profit day care
"A lot of the research that has accumulated shows that not-for-profit is much more likely to produce a high-quality environment in which children thrive." Nonprofit organizations are more likely to provide good services to vulnerable populations in conditions that are very difficult to monitor or measure.
- Nonprofit days have some structural advantages over nonprofit operations:
- They may receive preferential treatment in rental rates especially if they are affiliated with an unoccupied church for a week, or with a school with excess space.
- Locations in schools may have the advantage of co-ordinated programs with schools and the advantages of one location for parents who have older school-aged children as well.
- Parents are usually the rightful owners of non-profit daycare and will regularly provide consulting services in areas where they are professionally qualified (eg accounting, legal advice, or human resources) for free. (There are some nonprofits that are not operated by parents, but by boards of representatives of people who want what is good for children.)
- Nonprofits have an advantage in fundraising, as most people will not contribute to non-profit parenting organizations.
- Nonprofits, however, are usually limited in size to a single location, because the parent owner has no motivation to manage other locations where their children are not present.
- They may suffer from succession problems as children grow and parents leave childcare management to other parents.
Local governments, often municipalities, can operate non-profit childcare centers. In nonprofits, most senior degree supervisors are usually "executive directors", following the conventions of most nonprofit organizations.
Family home care nursery
Family home care homes can be operated by one individual from their home. In most states, the legal age of 18 is only required. There may be times when more than one person looks at the children in the family home. It can be a parent who lives at home looking for extra income while caring for their own child. There are also many family care providers who have chosen this field as a profession. Both state and county law legislation governs the ratio (number and age of children) permitted per family home care home. Some districts have stricter quality standards requiring licensing for child-care homes while other districts require little or no rules for childcare in individual homes. Some family child care homes operate illegally in connection with the tax law where care providers do not report fees as income and parents do not receive receipts to qualify for childcare tax deductions. However, licensing child-care homes is beneficial to family care providers so that they can have access to financial benefits from their state government, or federal government where they are allowed to accept children of parents who meet the criteria to benefit from government subsidy child care fund. Examples of such benefits are: Free Professional Training and Development Training, Child Food Program and Adult Care (which allows qualified parenting and caregivers of parenting families to claim part of the costs associated with nutritious food served to children); and other ;.
Family care may be less costly than centralized care because of lower overheads (lower ratios mean fewer staff are required to maintain the regulated ratio.Many nanny parenting caregivers may be certified with the same credentials as a potentially center-based staff leading to a higher level of care.
The franchise of family home care facilities seeks to bring economies of scale to daycare. The central operator handles marketing, administration and perhaps some central purchases while actual maintenance takes place in individual homes. Central operators can provide training to individual care providers. Some providers even offer enrichment programs to take childcare experience to a more educational and professional level. An example is Wonderschool, which provides caregivers with proprietary technology platforms, as well as licensing, marketing and administration services.
Informal care
Informal childcare is a parenting system that utilizes family and community members. This includes but is not limited to grandparents, siblings, and children and adult neighbors. The system is inexpensive and many cultures make use of and embrace informal childcare that is beneficial to children's education and education.
Children who receive informal care do not receive the same education and preparation regimen as those done at home-based centers or centers. Instead, learning occurs informally as a direct result of caretaker interactions and costs. Learning and development occur differently for each individual. Different periods of child growth are known to affect the parenting style associated with them, from infant care to older adolescents. Other influences on treatment include the expectations of the three parties involved - parents, caregivers, and children.
Children take care of adults
Many types of parenting discuss various ways in which children are cared for by adults or older children. One type of additional child care involves children caring for adults. Children as caregivers are most often seen in developing countries with limited or inaccessible medical assistance. Caregivers are common in families where parents are exposed to HIV/AIDS and other mental illnesses that may limit the functioning of their parents.
Progressively, these babysitters have shown certain positive relationships that affect their future resilience in the face of adversity. Caring for disabled parents enhances their sense of responsibility and maturity, improves social and life skills, fosters closer parent-child relationships, and raises initial awareness of a child's goals. Children who care for sick or disabled parents also experience less anxiety around their parents than children with additional caregivers for their disabled parents. This is because children are more understanding about the disease and feel more in control of the situation.
Maps Child care
Cultural Differences
Child care varies dramatically across cultures. This discrepancy is linked to the homes and homes environment. That is, the type of work performed by adult caregivers in a particular community greatly affects the type of parenting that is used. In agricultural/horticultural societies where work is done to provide food for the community, siblings and children of the same age are responsible for younger children. While many global communities prefer children aged 7-10 for prescribed parenting responsibilities, children no younger than 12 are preferred in the Western world where paying childcare is common.
Other factors of childcare that vary across cultures are the relative ages of caregivers and children, parents' expectations, child demands, cultural conceptions that vary culturally, and factors affecting demographics.
Multi-cultural Treatment
An important aspect that has been heavily cared for by children at the center has been implemented into their mission statements and daily routines have become aware of the different cultures they will face. This is considered important as more families consider and seek childcare. Child care has become an important aspect of society since, "Over thirteen million American children under the age of 5 have experienced some form of parenting before entering formal schooling." The program should understand the similarities and differences between cultures/ethnic groups. This must be done to understand the overall diversity of society. Children should be able to practice their cultural practices and be able to learn about other cultures that they have not realized yet. This is very important because it adds to their mental development and understanding of the world.
English
In the UK, childcare is checked and regulated by OFSTED (previously administered by Local Authority Social Services). Treatment for toddlers is divided into Child Care at Domestic Places that Take Care of Children and Child Care Places. In the UK being 'Childminder' is a protected title and can only be used by registered professionals. Registered Childminders are trained, insured and eligible in Pediatric First Aid. They comply with/organize/work with The Early Years Foundation Stage EYFS and have equal responsibility for education as a nursery and admissions class. They generally work from their own homes and are always entrepreneurs setting their own terms and conditions. The basic number of children that the caregiver can take care of is 6 children under 8 years of age; of these children, 3 may be under 5 and 1 of which may be below 1. These figures include caregiver's own children (although child-delivery children will not be included in the childminder 'Certificate'). Some child mobilisers work with caregiver assistants or with caregivers, who often increase the number of children they can care for and individual assumptions may require 'variations' that can raise the children they care about especially for 'continuation of care' or for twins. There is a professional body - Professional Association for Childcare & amp; Early Years (formerly the National Childminding Association), which "Promotes and supports qualified parenting skills" and provides information for Parenting and Parents. London has greater pressure on providing childcare than any other British territory. A recent study by the London Poverty Profile found that the level of childcare provision in London is lower than the British average. In London, there are 4.4 children under 8 per childcare, compared with the UK average of 3.9.
The cost of childcare in London significantly hampers the living standards of the inhabitants of the capital. A recent study by Loughborough University, funded by Trust for London, found the minimum budget required for couples with two children to attain a decent standard of living was 22% more at Inner London and 21% more in London Outside than compared to the others. from the UK. The significantly higher childcare costs greatly affect this, along with housing and transportation.
Scotland
In Scotland Her Majesty's Education Inspectorate is responsible for improving care and education for children from birth to age eighteen. This is done by inspections conducted by HMIE itself or by other members of the inspection and review team. The inspection report includes feedback from staff and parents and inspectors, which aims to provide parents and carers with information to help them decide whether certain parenting arrangements provide good quality child care and meet government standards.
United States
Childcare can cost up to $ 15,000 for one year in the United States. The average annual cost of full-time treatment for infants in center-based care ranges from $ 4,863 in Mississippi to $ 16,430 in Massachusetts.
In a monetary and production-based society, informal parenting is seen in families who do not have enough funds to finance putting their children in more expensive child care facilities. A study conducted by Roberta Iversen and Annie Armstrong explains that because of the long and irregular working hours of working parents, low-socioeconomic families are more likely to use informal childcare. These low-income families are also easier to work longer with irregular and inflexible schedules, which eventually use childcare facilities, which have regular working hours, is impossible.
In 2001, more than half of children in the United States attended a parenting facility. This number only increases as the number of working parents has increased. The increase in the number of children required to have some kind of childcare service has made childcare facilities more important than ever.
French
The childcare system in France provides great value to childcare providers after receiving a certain level of formal education to care for children properly. They have two separate early childhood care branches. These two branches are called crÃÆ'¨che and ÃÆ' Â © cole maternelle. CrÃÆ'¨che is a program for babies and toddlers and ÃÆ' Â © cole maternelle is part of the education system. They both need teachers to have a bachelor degree with an occasional special degree on top of that.
Kenya
Many agricultural communities highly value brothers and nurses. The accounts of the Idakho tribe in Kenya describe abandoned babies for the care and guidance of other relatively young children in the community with adults and other tribal members just within a screaming distance should any problems arise. The same pattern of parenting is seen in Kikuyu people in Kenya, where mothers in the horticulture community often go to work, who depend on relatives, cousins, and neighbors to care for children as young as 4 months.
Caregivers in many communities are thought to be responsible for caring for the younger than they are and hopefully they will. Adults are seen as occasional caregivers while caregivers are responsible for responding to the needs of every child. These young nannies take pride in their responsibility and learn each child's likes, dislikes, and habits.
Effects on child development
Formal Treatment
There are many things to consider when a parent enrolls a child to a nursing home or other paid childcare form, and there is much controversy surrounding the potential benefits and dangers caused by this type of treatment. The decision of parents to leave a child with someone and who the person is the two most difficult decisions in most parents' lives. Parents should consider the safety and security of their children when making this decision. The development of a child has many factors, but is strongly influenced by the type and quality of care most often given to children.
Child development researcher Lian Tong analyzed the results of the Haley and Stansbury experiments that said, "Parental responses also facilitate cognitive, social, and emotional development and reduce negative emotions in infants." That is, the amount of time that a parent or teacher is willing to spend teaching, listening, playing with, and exploring with a more social, emotional, and educational child developing the child will become. Whether the child receives most of the care at the center or at home, the biggest factor in deciding what will have the best effect on children is those who are willing to spend the time and effort necessary to develop the child's social, physical, and academic skills.
The quality of childcare provided by the facility is generally indicated by the central registration fee. If the center charges more for services, it generally will provide better care to the children. Centers that charge more for their services can provide quality education, more resources today, and better facilities. This all helps when trying to educate a child academically. Higher standards for teachers, such as needing a degree in early childhood education or similar level, have been shown to result in increased growth in a child's development.
Whether with expensive or relatively inexpensive facilities, children attending child care facilities tend to develop social skills faster than children of the same age group who are kept at home. They communicate better with children at the same age and often try harder to communicate with those who are younger than them, using patience and taking different approaches in presenting the data. Surprisingly, a study conducted by Erik Dearing, has proven that negative social behavior patterns do not connect directly to daycare. By studying the many choices of children from the Norwegian childcare system, he concluded that the number of hours children spend in daycare and their behavior has no dependency relationship. Although in America, children who attend childcare systems have a higher risk of externalizing negative social behavior symptoms, suggesting these traits can be directly correlated with time spent at the center.
There is a relationship between income, education, and the importance of child consistency and well-being, to parents, and their child's development. Higher educated parents place more importance on their children's education than parents who do not have a college degree or have not graduated from high school. Likewise, parents who have higher income levels are more willing to part with their money to buy a private tutor or caregiver to help parents in their child's education. They also tend to emphasize the importance of being socially incompetent. The first few years of a child's life are important to form the basis for good education, morality, self-discipline and social integration. The consistency of the carer's approach, skills and qualifications has been shown in many studies to increase the likelihood of a child reaching his or her full potential. Childcare in most western societies is currently in crisis: there is not enough daycare, the cost for most parents is beyond their means, and under-paid childcare staff. Starting wages for Early Childhood Educators starting at $ 11 or $ 12, leading to high turnover rates, and reducing the possibility of potentially safe, effective, and compassionate child care providers from even entering the field. For preschool teachers, the average salary is about $ 28,570. According to a survey conducted by HiMama, 68% of nonprofit childcare organizations rated 'Labor' as their primary risk and 65% 'Talent and Recruitment' rank as their top priority for 2017.
Informal Treatment
The care provided by unpaid providers in informal settings affects various developmental and psychological dimensions in children. Whether the provider is the child's sibling or a family member, the study determines the type of influence of care such as factors of attainment of intellect, affiliation, conformity, and individual interests.
More specifically, further research shows that children cared for by siblings or children of the same age (a more general trend seen in agricultural-based culture communities) have certain psychological and developmental effects on those treated. These effects include but are not limited to: mother-child attachment, the emergence of childhood development stages, the formation of play groups, the development of social responsibility, gender differences, personality differences, cognition, and motivation and performance in the classroom.
Health issues
Infection of child care
Infection of children is the spread of infection during childcare, usually due to contact between children in day care or school. This happens when groups of children meet in a parenting setting, and there is an individual with an infectious disease who can then spread it throughout the group. Generally diseases that spread include diseases such as influenza and enteric diseases, such as diarrhea in infants who use diapers. Diseases and diseases can also include ringworm, head lice, and hands, feet, mouth disease. It is uncertain how the disease spreads, but hand washing reduces some of the risks of transmission and improves hygiene in other ways also reduces the risk of infection.
Due to social pressure, parents of sick children in child care may be willing to provide unnecessary medical care to their children when it is advisable to do so by childcare workers and even if it is against the advice of a health care provider. In particular, children in child care are more likely to take antibiotics than children outside of child care.
Unless paying childcare
Parents spend a lot of time raising their children. These parents nurture and develop their children into functional members of society. This hard work is not motivated by monetary gains. For centuries it has been assumed that women will stay home and take care of children while their husbands go out and work. In many cases, husbands get all the credit to provide for the family. However, the wife who is a housewife, deserves much praise for her care work. Caregivers do not receive money compensation and they have to pay a 'penalty of care.
Treatment penalty is the price paid to do maintenance work for family members. Treatment gives many demands from individuals, and as a result there is high opportunity cost. The opportunity cost can be related to time and money. Instead of caring for family members, caregivers can spend time working or doing more recreational activities. Treatment penalties are not entirely related to childcare - they can also refer to the care of sick family members, taking care of younger brothers, or taking an older family member with tasks such as groceries or doctor's appointments.
Money Value
Studies have been done to get an estimated annual salary for a female sitter. One survey showed that the value of a mother's job, if she is paid the average wage for every task she does in running the household and caring for her children, is $ 117,867 per year. The reason for the high salary is because mothers usually do about 10 different job functions throughout the week. Some of these job functions are poorly paid, including cleaning, driving, caring for children, and washing clothes, but others, especially financial and managerial tasks that are equated with being Chief Executive Officer of a company, are highly paid. Both nannies and domestic helpers make nearly as much money, and almost all of these tasks except direct child care should also be done by non-parents. The value of childcare without pay is also an important figure in various legal entities. Expert witnesses (most often economists) are sometimes brought into court cases to provide an estimate of the value of unpaid labor. By providing estimates, plaintiffs or defendants may be adequately compensated for their work.
Social Values ​​
It is important to assess the value of caregivers because they are what really make the community function, and often their work is underappreciated. They prepare the next generation for school, work, and decision making. The way in which a child is nurtured at a young age and through adolescence has psychological and developmental effects that affect their future. Not only does the child rely on parenting, but the school and the employer rely on parenting. The government is also profitable because these children are transformed into productive members of society. Eventually, they will become the people running the country.
The benefits of development are also seen for older siblings or relatives assigned to care for younger children. For example, children with siblings are more likely to prohibit prosocial behavior (such as the ability to take someone else's perspective or share it with others) than children without siblings. In addition, your caregivers should have the opportunity to develop deeper communication skills as they teach younger siblings to participate in daily chores.
History
According to Chris Knight, the first human is only a few; then population "explodes.... Population expansion on such a scale is inconsistent with women's tolerance for child killings, harassment, or heavy costs for mothers of men who have an affair and double standards.If the amounts are unusually large from a very large, medium-brained breed was successfully brought up to adulthood, the quality of childcare must be great.We know what the optimal solution is.There is no doubt that mom will do her best with... utilizing every available childcare resource. "
Plato, according to Elaine Hoffman Baruch, about 394 B.C. , argues that the parenting system will free women to participate in society. Among the earliest British writers to devote books for the care of children in the modern sense are Elizabeth Dawbarn ( Infant Rights, or... Baby Nursing , 1805). Day care , daycare , childcare, childcare is a child's day care by a person other than a child's legal guardian, usually done by someone outside the immediate family. Daily care is usually an ongoing service over a certain period, such as a parent's time at work.
Daily care may also refer to daytime care for the disabled or elderly in the UK and the UK, so childcare is often preferred at first mention.
This service is known as childcare or childcare in the UK, North America, and Australia and as crÃÆ'¨che in Ireland and New Zealand. According to the Oxford Living Dictionaries, childcare in two words can have a broader sense of parenting by anyone, including parents, but the US dictionary does not record the spelling or meaning. In English-speaking and other conservative countries, much of parenting is still being done by parents, caregivers at home or through informal arrangements with relatives, neighbors or friends, but most children are in daycare centers for most of the day in the Nordic State , for example. Child care at home is traditionally provided by a nanny or au pair, or by family members including grandparents, aunts and uncles. Child care is provided in a nursery or crÃÆ'¨ches or by a parenting caregiver or a family caregiver who takes care of the children in their own home. It can also take on a more formal structure, with education, child development, discipline and even preschool education falling into the fold of the service.
The custodial industry is the continuum of personal parenting to large organized institutions. Some nannies take care of the children of several families at the same time, either in their own home (commonly known as "family day care" in Australia) or at special daycare facilities. Some employers provide nursery provisions for their employees at or near the workplace. Non-profit day care companies often exist where the market is large enough or there are government subsidies. Research shows that not-for-profit is much more likely to produce high-quality environments in which children develop. "Local governments, often municipalities, can operate daytime non-profit daycare centers For all providers, the largest cost is labor Laws can regulate the operation of a child care center, which affects employment requirements In Canada, female dominated labor (95 %) and low wages, on average only 60% of the average worker's wage.Some jurisdictions require licensing or certification of physical facilities (washrooms, meals, sleeping, lighting levels, etc.).
Independent studies show that good child care is not harmful. In some cases, good child care can provide a different experience than parental care, especially when children reach two and are ready to interact with other children. Children in higher-quality parenting have better language and cognitive development during the first 4 ½ years of life than those with lower-quality care.
Learning Stories
Learning Story is a document used by caregivers and educators in a parenting arrangement. They use storytelling formats rather than traditional 'observation' reports to document the various ways children learn, and capture the moments in greater detail and give parents a wider insight into what happens when their child is in parenting.
What they include
- Child progress story
- Experience image (Optional)
- Children's strengths, interests, and needs
- Space for parent feedback
Learning stories come from New Zealand because they use a learning model in their curriculum called "Te Whaariki". It highlights the learning outcomes of children as a 'disposition' that lies in the learning strategy plus the motivational-participation repertoire from which a learner recognizes, chooses, edits, responds, rejects, seeks and builds learning opportunities "
History
The day of treatment appeared in France around 1840, and SociÃÆ' © tà © Ã… © des CrÃÆ'¨ches was recognized by the French government in 1869. Originating in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th century, a caring day was established in the United States by private charities in the 1850s, such as the Charity Organization Society founded by Ansley Wilcox. The Fitch Creche in Buffalo, New York is known as the first day center for mothers working in the United States. Another at that time was the New York Day Nursery in 1854.
More contemporary proposals for the advancement of childcare in the United States have undergone a checkerboard, for example, in 1971, the Comprehensive Child Development Act was adopted by Congress, but vetoed by Richard Nixon. This "will create a nationally funded childcare center providing early childhood services and post-school care, as well as nutrition, counseling, and even medical and dental care." The centers will charge parents on a sliding scale. Various proposals have been considered, but for now, none of them lead to legislation that would set national policies that support child care in the United States.
Business
The custodial industry is the continuum of personal parenting to large organized institutions.
Most parenting is still done by parents, caregivers at home or through informal arrangements with relatives, neighbors or friends. For example, in Canada, between two parent families with at least one working parent, 62% of parents handle parenting alone, 32% have other home care (carers, siblings, neighbors or friends) and only 6.5 % using formal daycare centers.
However, non-profit day care companies often exist where the market is large enough or there are government subsidies. For example, in North America, the KinderCare Learning Center, one of the largest of these companies, has approximately 1,600 centers located in 39 states and the District of Columbia. The largest Bright Horizons Family Solutions have more than 600 childcare centers. Similarly Australian government subsidy subsidies have enabled the creation of a large private sector industry in the country.
Another factor that supports the big corporate festivities is the presence of childcare facilities in the workplace. Large companies will not personally handle these employee benefits and will be looking for large enterprise providers to manage their company's daycares. Smaller non-profit fairs operate from one location.
In general, geographic boundaries and diversity of daycare provider providers make childcare a highly fragmented industry. The largest provider only has a very small market share. This leads to frustration for parents seeking high quality child care, with 87% of them describing traditional search for childcare as "difficult and frustrating".
Standards and requirements
Some jurisdictions require licensing or certification. Parents can also switch to an independent rating service, or rely on recommendations and referrals. Some places develop a voluntary quality network, for example in Australia most childcare services are part of the national Quality Assurance system. Some places require caregivers to take classes in pediatric and first-aid CPR. Most countries have laws relating to childcare, which seek to keep children safe and prevent and punish child abuse. The law can add to the cost and complexity of childcare provision and can provide tools to help ensure quality parenting.
In addition, the law usually defines what constitutes daycare (for example, so it does not regulate individual caregivers). This can specify details of physical facilities (washroom, dining, sleeping, lighting levels, etc.). Minimum window space may be such that it blocks the attention of the day from being in the basement. This can specify minimum floor space per child (eg 2.8 square meters) and maximum number of children per room (eg 24). This can require a minimum outdoor time (eg 2 hours for a 6 hour program or more). Legislation may mandate supervisor qualifications. Staff usually do not require any qualifications but staff under the age of eighteen may require oversight. Some laws also establish a scoring system, the number and condition of various toys, and documents to be maintained. Usually, once children reach the age of twelve, they are no longer protected by childcare laws and programs for older children may not be regulated.
Legislation may require staffing ratios (eg, 6 weeks to 12 months, 1: 4, 12 months to 18 months, 1: 5, 18 months to 24 months, 1: 9, etc.). Caregiver-to-child ratio is one factor that indicates the quality of care. Ratios vary greatly according to location and daycare center. The potential consequences of caregivers: the child's too high ratios can be very serious. However, many countries allow higher numbers of under-fives for caregivers and some centers do not comply consistently. For example, in the US: Pennsylvania, ages 1-3, 1 teacher up to 5 children; Missouri: age 2, 1 teacher up to 8 children; North Carolina: 1 teacher for 10 children.
Many organizations in the world advanced campaign for free or subsidized childcare for all. Others are campaigning for tax relief or benefits to give parents options that are not financially funded. Many free or subsidized childcare programs in the United States are also Child Development programs, or post-school programs that employ certified teachers to teach children while they are in their care. There are often local industry associations lobbying the government on childcare policies, promoting industry to the public or helping parents choose the right provider of daycare.
In the United States, childcare in a family managed or family managed care setting is managed or led by teachers who may have Child Development Associate or higher credentials. These higher credentials include Associate, Bachelor, and even a master's degree in Early Childhood Education (ECE). Although childcare professionals can earn a degree, many countries require them to attend workshops every year to improve their knowledge and skill level. Many days need teachers to get some training. For example, Texas requires at least 25 hours a year, and the first year as a teacher, you must have 50 hours.
Worldwide
Australia
Australia has a large childcare industry, but in many locations (especially in suburban towns and in rural areas) availability is limited and waiting times can be several years. The Australian Government's Child Care Benefit Scheme provides substantial assistance with childcare costs, but it still leaves large families with large expenditures. Most families are eligible for Child Care Rebate, which gives a 50% discount, up to the annual limit of AUD $ 7500 per child. The average weekly center-based daytime maintenance cost in 2013 is around A $ 364 which keeps it out of low-income range.
The regulation is governed by the ACECQA, the federal government body, which acts as a central body for state bodies.
Ratio is:
- 1: 4 for baby,
- 1: 5 for ages 2 - 3 years (since 31/12/2015, it was 1: 8) and
- 1:11 for preschoolers (since 31/12/2015 when it was 1:10)
All childcare workers must have, or will do, a minimum "Certificate III in Childcare" to work at a center (Prior Learning Recognition is available to help qualify staff with years of experience, but no qualifications). (More advanced general qualifications are "Child Care Diploma" and Early Childhood Education titles).
The rules differ between countries about family day care in Australia. To start a Family Day Care business in Victoria, an educator must have a "Certificate III in Child Service" or actively work for the same. In addition, Current Police checks, Current First Aid training, Insurance (especially for family day care) is required to start family day care. The house should be safe for children. A group of 15 educators working under one Supervisor must have a "Diploma in Child Services".
Canada
Canada offers private and subsidized childcare centers. Some shortcomings of the subsidized aperture can lengthen the time it takes to find a suitable childcare provider. To overcome this, government or private companies sometimes allow parents to search for available online space.
Denmark
In Denmark, day-care accepts children ranging in age from 6 months to 3 years. 91.2% of children aged 1-2 years are enrolled in various types of childcare institutions. Most are managed by municipalities and most are government-funded. Different types of institutions range from separate child care organizations (VIV), Kindergarten with Childcare Department ( Integrerede institutioner ) and home-based treatment at home (< i> Dagpleje ).
Maintenance today is based on a focus on the perspective and involvement of children in everyday life. Today's care is managed by trained social educators or pedagogues ( pÃÆ'Â|dagog )
German
In Germany, preschool education is the domain of KindertagesstÃÆ'¤tte (literally "children's day site", often abbreviated to We or KITA ), which is usually divided into Kinderkrippe (crÃÆ'¨che) for toddlers (age up to 3 years), and Kindergarten for older children from three years and before school. Children in their last year's kindergarten can be grouped into Vorschule ("preschool") and given special pedagogic attention; Special preschool institutions that are comparable to US-American children's gardens are exceptions.
Kitas is typically run by public operators (ie communal) and "free" (such as churches, other religious organizations, social organizations with trade union and earnings-oriented organizations), and is subsidized by states ( LÃÆ'¤nder ). In this case, care is open to the general public - e. g. a Protestant or Muslim child can claim a place in Kita that is administered by a Catholic church.
Preschool education, unlike schools and universities, is not in an exclusive state. The federal government regulates daycare through Kinder- und Jugendhilfegesetz (KJHG) , which establishes legal claims for child care:
- for children over the age of three and before school (i, e Kindergarten, this law came into force in 1996);
- for children under the age of three and before Kindergarten (i.e. Kinderkrippe; this law comes into effect August 1, 2013).
Alternate custs can be provided through Tagespflegepersonen (usually TagesmÃÆ'¼tter , "day mothers"), i. e. parents who live in homes that provide commercial day care for other children. This form of child care is also regulated federally through KJHG.
Preschool education ( FrÃÆ'¼hpÃÆ'¤dagogik ) is increasingly seen as an integral part of education as a whole; some countries like Bavaria have released detailed education plans for childcare operators claiming state subsidies. "Early pedagogy" has moved increasingly into the academic realm, with more and more staff trained at the university of applied sciences (Fachhochschulen ) and the regular university. Non-academic staff at daycare facilities usually attend special schools for several years. In the state of Bavaria for example, childcare assistants (Kinderpfleger ) will go to school for two years, childcare teacher (Erzieher ) for three years with an additional two year apprenticeship. Japanese
In Japan, the child-care industry is worth trillions of yen, and is growing due to increased labor force participation by mothers. In 2004 nearly 2 million children were in some form of child care. (Jetro)
Mexico
In Mexico, President Felipe Calderon Hinojosa created a Social Program called "Programa de Estancias Infantiles" which includes more than 8,000 daycare for children between 1 and 3.11 years old. This program subsidizes working and studying mothers as well as single fathers in vulnerable situations. It has had great success with more than 125,000 children across the country. This is governed by the Minister of Social Development (SecretarÃÆ'a de Desarrollo Social). [2]
Child care has increased in Mexico due to increased interest in the community and its effect on the government. This is due to the increasing urban areas in developing countries and the need to keep up with the economic development. There are always many child care services available but because of the high cost, they are not particularly available for low income families. Childcare becomes a hot topic of discussion as more women join the workforce and debate on how this will affect how children will be raised. Another topic of debate is how women pay for these expensive services while working with minimum wage jobs or have limited time they can work on, so the idea of ​​subsidies comes up. Especially for children, the topic of "street children", how and where children should grow up, be debated, and if they should be allowed to be considered part of the road and not a particular home. This issue is debated because it affects not only the child but also the community where the child is located, as they usually seek public space for shelter, eating and playing. Child care is generally divided into three general categories such as government agencies, religious organizations, and independent institutions (such as NGOS). All of this takes the same aim which is "detention, paternalist healing approach and street education."
The creation of a childcare program in Mexico is very different from others because it focuses on "defeminization of labor and defamilization of care." Women's participation is the goal the government has so as to establish many policies and modes to achieve this. The creation of successful childcare programs has been sought and many different aspects have changed over the years but it can be seen that there is an increase in early childhood education and care services (ECEC). ECEC services can be divided into three different time periods and models that are implemented. The first was in the 1970s when the Social Security Institute focused on covering children for mothers covered by Social Security services. This has caused a very large gap in children that can be covered because the number of women working in the informal sector is considerable and rejected. The second phase will be in the early 200s when the Ministry of Public Education made preschools compulsory for all children from ages 3 to 5. This is useful in theory because all children in this age range will be treated, but in reality due to the tension in the amount of time parents should go and work or dedicate their time elsewhere. The last stage is in the year
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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