A beach is a landform beside a body of water consisting of loose particles. The particles that make up the shore are usually made of stone, such as sand, gravel, beach, gravel, or cobblestone. These particles can also come from biology, such as mollusk shells or coral algae.
Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as a coast guard post, changing rooms, and showers. They may also have hospitality places (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby. Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this way. Wild beaches can be appreciated for its untouched beauty and a wakeful nature.
Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where current wave or sediment measures and sediment rework.
Video Beach
Overview
Although beaches are most often associated with the word beach , beaches are also found by lakes and beside great rivers.
Beach can refer to:
- a small system where rock material moves on land, offshore, or along the coast by wave and current forces; or
- large size geological unit.
The first is described in detail below; Larger geological units are covered elsewhere under the bars.
There are some striking parts of the beach that relate to the processes that make up and shape them. Parts that are mostly above water (depending on the tide), and more or less actively influenced by waves at some point in the tide, are called beach berm. The berm is a deposit material consisting of an active coastline. The Tangg has top (top) and face - the last one is the slope leading to the water from the top. At the very bottom of the face, there may be a trough , and further toward the sea of ​​one or more long beach bars: slightly raised, underwater embankments formed where the first wave starts to break.
The sand deposits may extend into the mainland of the crest , where there may be evidence of one or more older levels (storm coast ) resulting from a very large storm surge and so on. the effect of normal waves. At some point the influence of waves (even storm surges) on materials consisting of beaches stops, and if the particles are small enough (the size of the sand or smaller), the wind forms a feature. Where the wind is the power of distributing grain to the mainland, the deposit behind the shore becomes a mound .
This geomorphic feature composes the so-called beach profile . The beach profile changes seasonally due to changes in wave energy experienced during summer and winter. In temperate climates where summer is characterized by calmer seas and longer periods between crashed crests, beach profiles are higher in summer. The action of gentle waves during this season tends to transport the sediment to the shore towards the embankment where it is stored and retained while the water recedes. The terrestrial winds bring farther to form the land and increase the sand dunes.
In contrast, coastal profiles are lower in hurricane season (winter in temperate regions) due to increased wave energy, and shorter periods between cracked crests. Higher energy waves that break sequentially tend to mobilize sediment from shallow water, keeping it in suspension where it is vulnerable to be carried along the coast by longshore currents, or taken into the sea to form bars along the coast, especially if the currents are parallel to the sea meet the outflow of the river or flood stream. The removal of sediment from coastal and dune embankments thus reduces the coastal profile.
In the tropics, hurricane season tends to occur during the summer months, with calmer weather usually associated with winter.
If storms coincide with extraordinary high waves, or with strange wave events such as tidal waves or tsunamis that cause significant beach floods, large amounts of material can be eroded from the coastal plains or dunes behind the embankment with low tide. This flow can change the shape of the coastline, enlarge the mouth of the river and create a new delta at the mouth of the river that is not yet strong enough to overcome the movement of the parallelshore sediment.
The line between the beach and the sand dunes is difficult to determine in the field. Over a significant period of time, sediments are always exchanged between them. The line drift (the high point of the material stored by the wave) is one of potential demarcation. This will be the point at which significant wind movement of the sand can occur, because normal waves do not wet the sand outside this area. However, floating lines tend to move inland under attack by storm surges.
Maps Beach
Beach and recreation
History
The development of the beach as a popular recreation place from the mid-19th century was the first manifestation of what is now a global tourism industry. The first seaside resort opened in the 18th century for the aristocracy, which began to frequent the beaches as well as the fashionable and fashionable cities, for recreation and health. One of the earliest coastal resorts, was Scarborough in Yorkshire during the 1720s; it is a fashionable spa town since the flow of acidic water is found flowing from one of the cliffs to the south of the city in the 17th century. The first rolling shower machine was introduced in 1735.
The opening of the resort in Brighton and the royal patronage reception of King George IV, extends the coast as a resort to health and pleasure to a much larger London market, and the beach becomes a center of high-end fun and carelessness. This trend is praised and elevated artistically by the new romantic ideal of a beautiful landscape; The unfinished Jane Austen novel Sanditon is an example. Later, Ratu Victoria's old patronage of the Isle of Wight and Ramsgate in Kent ensured that beachfront residences were considered a very fashionable property for those rich enough to buy more than one house.
Beachside resorts for the working class
The extension of this form of recreation to the middle class and the working class began with the development of trains in the 1840s, offering cheap and affordable rates to the thriving resort towns. In particular, the completion of the branch path to Blackpool's small seaside town of Poultron caused a sustained economic boom and demography. Sudden entry of visitors, arriving by train, provides motivation for entrepreneurs to build accommodation and create new attractions, leading to more visitors and rapid growth cycles throughout the 1850s and 1860s.
The growth was intensified by the practice among the Lancashire cotton owners closing the plant for a week each year for service and machine repairs. This is known as waking week. Each municipal plant will be closed for a different week, allowing Blackpool to manage a steady stream of stable and reliable visitors over a long period in the summer. Prominent features of the resort are the promenade and the pleasure pier, where various eclectic shows compete for the attention of the people. In 1863, the North Pier at Blackpool finished, quickly becoming the center of attraction for the elite visitors. Central Pier was completed in 1868, with a large open-air theater and dance floor.
Many popular beach resorts are equipped with bath machines because even the all-covered swimsuit period is considered rude. By the end of the century, the British coastline has over 100 large resort towns, some with populations exceeding 50,000.
Worldwide expansion
The development of a seaside resort abroad is stimulated by the well-developed British love of the beach. The French Riviera with the Mediterranean has become a popular destination for the upper class of England in the late 18th century. In 1864, the first train line to Nice was completed, making the Riviera accessible to visitors from all over Europe. In 1874, the inhabitants of the foreign pockets of Nice, who were predominantly British, numbered 25,000. Coastlines became famous for attracting European royalty, including Queen Victoria and King Edward VII.
Continental European attitudes toward gambling and nudity tended to be lighter than in Britain, so British and French businessmen quickly exploited those possibilities. In 1863, Prince Monaco, Charles III, and Franç§ois Blanc, a French businessman, arranged steamers and carriages to take visitors from Nice to Monaco, where luxury hotels, parks and large casinos were built. The place was renamed Monte Carlo.
Commercial sea watering spread to the United States and parts of the British Empire at the end of the 19th century. In the late 1890s, Henry Flagler developed the Florida East Coast Railway, which links the growing coastal resorts of St. Louis. Augustine, FL and Miami Beach, FL, for winter travelers from the northern United States and Canada on the East Coast Railway. At the beginning of the 20th century, surfing developed in Hawaii and Australia, and then moved to southern California in the early 1960s. In the 1970s cheap and affordable air travel is a catalyst for the growth of global tourism markets that really benefit areas like the Mediterranean, Australia, South Africa, and the coastal areas of Sun Belt in the United States.
Today
The beach can be popular on warm sunny days. In the Victorian era, many popular beach resorts are equipped with bath machines because even the all-encompassing swimwear period is considered disrespectful. This social standard is still prevalent in many Muslim countries. At the other end of the spectrum is a topfree beach and a bare beach where clothing is optional or not allowed. In most countries social norms differ significantly on the coast in hot weather, compared to adjacent areas where similar behavior may not be tolerated and may even be prosecuted.
In more than thirty countries in Europe, South Africa, New Zealand, Canada, Costa Rica, South America and the Caribbean, the best recreational beaches are awarded Blue Flag status, based on criteria such as water quality and safety provision. This loss of status can adversely affect tourism revenue.
The beach is often a garbage dump and waste, requiring the use of beach cleaners and other cleaning projects. More importantly, many beaches are unprocessed waste dumping zones in most underdeveloped countries; even in developed countries coastal closure is a situation that is sometimes due to excessive sewerage. In these cases of sea-releases, waterborne diseases of fecal pathogens and contamination of certain marine species are common.
Artificial beach
Some artificial beaches; they are permanent or temporary (For example, Monaco, Paris, Copenhagen, Rotterdam, Nottingham, Toronto, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Tianjin).
The calming qualities of the beach and the pleasant surroundings offered to beachgoers are replicated on artificial beaches, such as the "beach style" pool with the entry of zero and the wave pools that create the natural waves banging on the beach. In the pond entering the depth of zero, the bottom surface decreases gradually from the top of the water to the depth. Another approach involves the so-called urban beaches, a form of public park that became common in big cities. Urban beaches seek to imitate natural beaches with fountains that mimic the waves and cover the city's sounds, and in some cases can be used as a playground.
Coastal food pumps sand to shore to improve their health. Common beach food for major coastal cities around the world; But the shore that has been nurtured can still look natural and often many visitors are unaware of the work done to support beach health. Such beaches are often not recognized by consumers as artificial. Example of famous beach food comes with Waik filling? K? The beach in Honolulu, Hawaii, where sand from Manhattan Beach, California was transported by ship and barge in most of the 20th century to combat the erosion problems of Waikiki. The Surfrider Foundation has debated the benefits of artificial reefs with its members split between their desire to support the natural coastal environment and the opportunity to improve the quality of surfing waves. A similar debate surrounds beach food and snow cannons in sensitive environments.
Access restricted
Public access to the coast is limited in some parts of the world. For example, most beaches on the Jersey Shore are limited to people who can buy beach tags. Some beaches also restrict dogs for several periods of the year.
Private beach
Also, private beaches like those along the coast, may belong to neighborhood associations nearby. Signs are usually affixed at the entrance. Permissions or special event events may be granted after running the proper channels to obtain them legally.
Public beach
Public access to the beach is protected by law in the US state of Oregon, thanks to the state law of 1967, Oregon Beach Bill, which guarantees public access from Columbia River to the California state line, "so the public can have free and uninterrupted use".
Beach Formation
The beach is the result of wave action where waves or currents move sand or other loose sediments where the shore is created as these particles are held in suspension. Or, the sand can be moved by saltation (the motion of bouncing large particles). Coastal materials come from offshore rock erosion, as well as from headland erosion and degeneration resulting in scree deposits. Coral reef offshore is a significant source of sand particles. Some fish species that eat algae attached to rock and rock outcrops can create large amounts of sand particles during their lifetime as they bite during feeding, digest organic matter, and dispose of rocks and coral particles passing through their digestive tract.
The coastal composition depends on the nature and quantity of upstream sediments from the coast, and the flow velocity and turbidity of water and wind. Sediment is driven by moving water and wind according to particle size and compacting conditions. The particles tend to settle and are compact in the still water. Once compacted, they are more resistant to erosion. Established vegetation (especially species with complex tissue root systems) will retain erosion by slowing the flow of liquids in the surface layer. When affected by movement of water or wind, particles that are eroded and held in suspension will increase the erosion of the liquid holding them by increasing the density, viscosity and volume of the moving fluid.
The coastline faces a very energetic wind and the wave system will tend to hold only large stones as smaller particles will be held in suspension in cloudy water columns and carried to a more sedate area by tidal currents and currents. Coastlines that are protected from waves and winds will tend to allow better sediments such as clay and mud to settle mud to create mud and mangrove forests. The shape of a beach depends on whether the waves are constructive or destructive, and whether the material is sand or. Waves are constructive if the period between their wave peaks is long enough to break up the receding water and sediment to settle before the next wave arrives and breaks.
The fine sediment transported from bottom to bottom of the beach profile will be compact if the water recedes seep or seep into the shore. The compacted sediments are more resistant to movement by the turbulent water of the next wave. Conversely, waves are destructive if the period between the shortwave peaks. Sediments that remain in suspension when the next wave of waves arrive will not be settled and compact and will be more susceptible to erosion by parallel shoreline currents. The nature of the sediments found on the coast tend to show waves and wind energy in the region.
The constructive waves move the material to shore while the destructive waves move the material to the shore. During seasons when waves are damaging to prevalent, shallow water will bring increasing loads of sediment and organic matter in suspension. On sandy beaches, the damaging backwave of destructive waves removes the material that forms a sloping beach. On gravel and beaches, the seepage is dissipated faster because the large particle size allows greater percolation, thus reducing the backwash strength, and the shore remains steep. The compacted fine sediment will form a smooth beach surface that is resistant to wind and water erosion.
During warm summers, the crust may form on the surface of the ocean coast as the sun's heat evaporates water leaving crystallized salt around the sand particles. The crust forms an additional protective layer that withstands wind erosion unless disturbed by the animal, or is dissolved by increasing waves. Cracks and horn forms where the incoming waves split, storing the sand as horns and combing the sand to form valves. This forms an uneven face on some sand beaches. White sand beaches look white because quartz or limestone is eroded in the sand reflecting or spreading sunlight without absorbing any other colors.
Sand color
The sand composition may vary depending on the local mineral and geology. Some types of sand that can be found on the beaches around the world are:
- White sand: Mostly made of quartz and limestone, can also contain other minerals such as feldspar.
- Light-colored sand: The sand gets the color of quartz and iron and is common in Southern Europe.
- Tropical white sand: On tropical islands, sand is composed of calcium carbonate from the shells and skeletons of marine organisms, such as coral and molluscs.
- Coral sand is pink: As above, it is composed of calcium carbonate and gets pink from coral fragments. Bermuda beaches are famous for this type of sand.
- Black sand: Black sand consists of volcanic rocks, such as basalt and obsidian, which give a gray-black color. The beaches of Punaluu Hawaii and the coast of Ajuy Fuerteventura are examples of this type of sand.
- Green sand: In this kind of sand, mineral olivine has been separated from other volcanic fragments by erosive forces. A famous example is Papakolea Beach Hawaii, whose sand also contains basal and coral fragments.
Beach erosion and erosion
Natural Erosion and Accretion
Cause
The beach is shaped mainly by the movement of water and wind. Any weather events associated with cloudy or rapidly flowing water, or high winds will erode the affected coast. Longshore currents will tend to increase coastal sediments and improve storm damage. Tidal channels generally change the shape of the beach adjacent to a small degree with each tidal cycle. Over time, these changes can be substantial that lead to significant changes in coastal size and location.
Effect on flora
Beach shape changes can damage the roots of large trees and other flora. Many adaptable beach species (such as coconut trees) have good root systems and large root balls that tend to withstand waves and winds and tend to stabilize the shore better than other trees with lower roots.
Effects on adjacent ground
Beach erosion can expose soil and rocks that are less resistant to wind and waves that cause damage to coastal headlands in the end resulting in massive destruction of the cover layer to shallow. This material can be distributed along the shores leading to habitat changes as seaweed and corals in the shallow can be buried or deprived of light and nutrients.
Man-made erosion and accretion
Coastal areas inhabited by humans must be subject to the impact of man-made structures and processes. Over a long period of time these influences can substantially alter the shape of the coastline, and the coastal character.
Destruction of flora
The beach front flora plays a major role in stabilizing foredunes and preventing coastal head erosion and inland hills movement. If flora with tissue root systems (vines, grasses and palm trees) can become established, they provide an effective coastal defense because they trap sand and rainwater particles and enrich the surface layers of sand dunes, allowing other plant species to become established. They also protect the dikes from erosion by high winds, strange waves and flood waters receding.
Over long periods of time, stable coastal areas will tend to result, while unstable foreshores will tend to erode, causing substantial changes in the shape of coastlines. This change usually occurs for several years. Strange wave events such as tsunamis, tidal waves, and storm surges can alter the shape, profile, and location of the beach in a matter of hours.
Destruction of flora in embankments with the use of herbicides, pedestrian or overcrowded traffic, or disruption to the flow of clean water can lead to erosion of mounds and dunes. While the destruction of flora may be a gradual process not seen by ordinary coastal users, it often becomes evident soon after a storm associated with high winds and strange wave events that can quickly move large volumes of open and unstable sand, store them further into the land, or take them into permanent water forming offshore bars, lagoons or increasing the area of ​​shore affected by low tide. Large and rapid exposure sand movements can bury and disguise flora in adjacent areas, exacerbating the loss of fauna habitat, and enlarge the area of ​​instability. If there is adequate supply of sand, and weather conditions do not allow vegetation to recover and stabilize sediments, the wind-blown sand can continue to move forward, swallow and permanently change the landscape against the wind.
Sediments driven by waves or lows of flood waters can be deposited on shallow shores, covering reed beds and altering the character of undersea flora and fauna on shallow shores.
Burning or felling of vegetation on land adjacent to the coastal head, for agriculture and housing construction, altering surface wind patterns, and exposing surfaces for wind erosion.
The development of agriculture and housing is also commonly associated with changes in local surface water flow. If these flows are concentrated in the storm waterways that empty the coastal heads, they can erode the shore creating lagoons or deltas.
Lush vegetation tends to absorb rainfall that reduces runoff speed and releases it for longer periods of time. Destruction by burning or cleansing of natural vegetation tends to increase the speed and power of runoff erosion from rain. This runoff will tend to bring more mud and organic matter from the mainland to shore and to the ocean. If the flow is constant, runoff from land clearing arriving at the beach head will tend to store this material into the sand that changes color, smell, and fauna.
Creation of beach access points
The concentration of pedestrian and vehicular traffic accessing the beach for recreational purposes may lead to increased erosion at the access point if action is not taken to stabilize the coastal surface above the high water mark. Recognition of the danger of loss of coastal flora has led many local authorities responsible for managing coastal areas to restrict coastal access to physical structures or legal sanctions, and fence foredunes in an attempt to protect flora. These steps are often associated with building structures at this access point to allow traffic to pass through or through the sand dunes without causing further damage.
Runoff Concentrate
The beach provides filters for runoff from the coastal plains. If natural runoff is scattered along the coast, sediment of water and organic matter will be maintained on land and will feed the flora in coastal areas. Run-offs scattered along the coast will tend to seep through the shore and may emerge from the shore at low tide.
Freshwater retention can also help maintain underground water reserves and will resist salt water attacks. If runoff runoffs are diverted and concentrated by channels that create a constant flow above the coast above the sea or river, the coast will be eroded and eventually form the inlet except the sedimentary stream of coastal sediments to correct the violation.
Once eroded, the inlet may allow saltwater influx to contaminate the inland areas of the coast and can also affect the quality of underground water supply and water level.
Deprivation of runoff
Some natural flora in coastal heads require fresh water runoff from the mainland. The transfer of fresh water flow to the waterways can uproot the water supply from these factories and allow the entry of sea water, increasing the saltiness of the groundwater. Species that can not survive in salt water can die and be replaced by mangroves or other species adapted to the salty environment.
Inappropriate beach food
Coastal food is the import and sediment of sand or other sediments in an effort to recover the beach that has been damaged by erosion. Beach food often involves extracting sediment from the river bed or sand mining. These excavated sediments may be substantially different in size and appearance with naturally occurring coastal sand.
In extreme cases, beach food may involve the placement of pebbles or boulders in an effort to permanently return shorelines that are exposed to constant erosion and loss of shore. It is often necessary where new sedimentary streams caused by longshore currents have been disrupted by the construction of ports, breakwaters, causeways or slopes of boats, creating a new stream of current that explores the sand from behind this structure, and removes the sedimentary beach restoration.. If the cause of erosion is not addressed, beach food may be a necessary and permanent feature of coastal maintenance.
During coastal restoration activities, care should be taken to place new sediments so that new deposits are compact and stable before aggressive waves or wind actions can erode them. The concentrated material too far below the shore can form a temporary groyne that will push the scour behind it. Sediments that are too smooth or too bright can be eroded before being compacted or integrated into predetermined vegetation. Unwashed foreign sediments can introduce flora or fauna that are not usually found in the region.
Brighton Beach, on the south coast of England, is a beach that has been maintained with very large pebbles in an effort to withstand the erosion of the upper shore area. These large pebbles make the beaches unfriendly for pedestrians for a period of time until natural processes are naturally integrated into the gravel base.
Beach access design
Coastal access is an important consideration in which large numbers of pedestrians or vehicles need access to the beach. Allowing random access across elaborate pastures is rarely considered a good practice as it is likely to cause the destruction of flora and erosion resulting from previous dunes.
Well designed beach access should:
- provides a durable surface capable of withstanding traffic flow;
- aesthetically complete the surrounding structures and natural landscapes;
- is placed in a convenient area for the user and is consistent with the flow of secure traffic;
- scaled to suit the traffic flow (wide and strong enough to carry pedestrian size and quantity and vehicles intended to use it safely);
- retained properly; and
- signed and lit to prevent coastal users from creating their own alternative crossings that might be more destructive to the shoreline.
Road or concrete steps
A concrete road must follow the natural coastal profile to prevent it from altering the normal flow of waves, ocean currents, water and wind. A hill located below the coastal profile will tend to become buried and no longer provide a good surface for vehicular traffic. A street or ladder extending over a coastal profile will tend to disrupt the parallel currents of the beach creating sediment in front of a rise, and exploring behind. The sloping concrete is the most costly beach access vehicle to build requiring the quick use of concrete drying or crate dam to protect them from the tide during the curing process of concrete. Concrete is preferable where heavy traffic and access flows are required by vehicles not adapted to soft sand (eg passenger vehicles listed on roads and boat trailers). Concrete ladders are usually preferred on beaches adjacent to population centers where coastal users can arrive on the beach with walking shoes, or where coastal roads are much higher than beach heads and roads will be too steep to be used safely by pedestrians. A composite staircase can incorporate a central or side staircase with one or more ramps allowing pedestrians to lead trains or small boats to the beach without the help of a powerful vehicle or winch. Concrete slopes and steps should be maintained to prevent the buildup of mosses or algae that can make their wet surfaces slippery and dangerous for pedestrians and vehicles.
Corduroy (beach ladder)
The corduroy or beach ladder (or board and chain) is a board arrangement (usually hardwood or treated wood) placed adjacent and perpendicular to the direction of the traffic flow, and secured at each end by a chain or cable to form the path or path above the sand dunes. Corduroys are cheap and easy to make and fast to use or move. They are commonly used for pedestrian access points and light vehicle access. They naturally correspond to the underlying shoreline or sand dunes form, and adjust well to moderate erosion, especially longshore drift. However, they can cease to be an effective access surface if they are buried or damaged by erosion by surface streams originating from the shoreline. If the corduroy is not wide enough for the vehicle to use, the sediment on both sides can evacuate creating a spoon drainage channel that accelerates surface runoff and can quickly cause serious erosion. Significant erosion from sediments on the side and below the corduroy can make it completely ineffective and make it dangerous for pedestrian users who may fall between boards.
Fabric path
Fabric lines are generally used by the military for temporary purposes where the underlying sediments are stable and hard enough to support heavy traffic. A piece of porous fabric is placed on the sand to stabilize the surface and prevent the vehicle from bogging. Fabric Ramps usually cease to be useful after one tidal cycle because they are easy to drift, or are buried in sediment.
The foliage path
Foliage leaves are formed by planting hardy hardy plant species such as grass above well-formed sediment ridges. Plants can be supported when they become established by placement of mesh layers, nets, or rough organic materials such as vines or branches. This type of ramp is perfect for intermittent use by vehicles with low wheel loadings such as dune buggies or agricultural vehicles with large tires. The leaf incline requires minimal maintenance if initially formed to follow the beach profile, and not very often used.
Gravel road
A gravel road is formed by extracting the underlying sediments and filling excavations with a graduated pebbly layer as defined by John Loudon McAdam. The pebbles are compacted to form a solid surface in accordance with traffic requirements. Pebbles are less expensive to build than concrete slopes and are able to transport heavy road traffic provided deep excavation to reach a dense ground layer. Gravel slopes can be eroded by water. If the edges are maintained with a board or wall and the profile matches the surrounding coastal profile, the gravel path can become more stable as the finer sediments are deposited by permeating the water.
Longest beach
Among the longest beaches in the world are:
- Eighty Mile Beach (220 kilometers [140Ã, mi]) to the northwest of Australia;
- Praia do Cassino (212 kilometers [132Ã, mi]) in Brazil;
- Ninety Mile Beach, Victoria (151 kilometers [94Ã, mi]) in Victoria, Australia;
- Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh (125 kilometers [78Ã, mi] unbroken);
- 90 Mile Beach in New Zealand (88 kilometers [55Ã, mi]);
- Fraser Island Beach (about 65 kilometers [40Ã, mi]) in Queensland, Australia;
- Troia-Sines Beach (63 kilometers [39Ã, mi]) in Portugal;
- Jersey Shore, 204 km/127 miles; and
- Long Beach, Washington (about 40 kilometers [25 mi]).
- Pulau Padre Beach (about 182 kilometers [113Ã, mi]) in the Gulf of Mexico, Texas.
- Playa Novillera Beach (about 90 kilometers [56Ã, mi]) in Mexico.
Coastal wildlife
The beach is an unstable environment that exposes plants and animals to changing and potentially harsh conditions. Some animals hide in the sand and feed on materials stored by the waves. Crabs, insects and beach birds feed on the inhabitants of this beach. The endangered pipeline plover and some species depend on the beach for nesting. The turtles also bury their eggs on the ocean shore. Seagrasses and other coastal plants grow in undisturbed coastal areas and sand dunes.
Oceanic beaches are habitats with organisms adapted to salt spray, tidal water, and shifting sand. Some of these organisms are found only on the coast. Examples of organisms coast in the US southeast part includes plants such as oats ocean, rocket sea, elders beach, beach morning glory ( Ipomoea pes-caprae ), and nuts beach, and animals such as crabs mol ( Hippoidea), kima coquina ( Donax ), ghost crabs, and white beach tiger beetles.
See also
References
Further reading
- Bascom, W. 1980. Waves and Beach . Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, New York. 366p.
- Schwartz, Maurice L. (1982). Coastal Encyclopedia and Coastal Environment: Volume 15 Earthquake Encyclopedia . Virginia: Hutchinson Ross Pub. Co. p.Ã, 940. ISBNÃ, 0879332131.
External links
- Overcoming coastal erosion - UNESCO
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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